Test de práctica de notary public

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Las 15 preguntas de un vistazo

¿Prefieres leer antes de jugar? Abajo están todas las preguntas de la muestra. Las respuestas y explicaciones quedan plegadas hasta que las abras.

1. 1. Which of the following best describes what a notary public does?

   • A. Confirms that the statements inside the document are true
   • B. Approves the document as legally valid and correctly written
   • C. Acts as an impartial official witness to the signing and to the signer's identity
   • D. Represents the signer's interests in the transaction
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: C. Acts as an impartial official witness to the signing and to the signer's identity

   A notary public is a public officer commissioned by the state to deter fraud at the moment of signing. The job is to check who the signer is, that the signer appears willing and aware, and to record and certify the act. A notary never vouches for the truth of the contents or for whether the document does what the signer hopes, and that impartiality is why a notary who stands to gain from the document has to decline.

2. 2. A signer must sign the document in front of the notary and then swear or affirm that its contents are true. Which notarial act is this?

   • A. An acknowledgment
   • B. A jurat, also called a verification on oath or affirmation
   • C. A copy certification
   • D. A signature witnessing
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: B. A jurat, also called a verification on oath or affirmation

   A jurat has two parts that no other act combines: the signature is made in the notary's presence, and the signer takes an oath or affirmation that the statement is true. That is why the wording usually starts with subscribed and sworn to before me. Because the signer is now under oath, a false statement can be prosecuted as perjury, which is exactly why affidavits use a jurat instead of an acknowledgment.

3. 3. Complete the sentence.

   In most states, a signer taking an acknowledgment does not have to sign while the notary watches. The signer must personally appear and _____.

   Opciones para el hueco 1: swear that everything in the document is true, declare that the signature is theirs and that they signed willingly, hand the original document to the notary for safekeeping, bring two credible witnesses who sign as well

   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: declare that the signature is theirs and that they signed willingly

   An acknowledgment answers one question: did this person knowingly and willingly sign this document. The signature may already be on the page when the signer walks in, but the signer still has to appear, be identified and acknowledge it. Deeds, mortgages and powers of attorney normally take an acknowledgment because what matters is the identity and the willingness of the signer, not the truth of the wording.

4. 4. A customer asks a notary to certify that a photocopy of a birth certificate is a true copy of the original. What is the right response?

   • A. Certify it, because any notary may certify any copy
   • B. Certify it if the customer swears the copy is accurate
   • C. Notarize the customer's signature on the copy and treat that as a certified copy
   • D. Decline, and send the customer to the office that issued the record
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: D. Decline, and send the customer to the office that issued the record

   Vital records such as birth, death and marriage certificates are certified by the agency that holds them, and many states specifically forbid a notary from copy certifying a public record. On top of that, whether a notary may certify copies at all is a state by state question, since some states never authorized the act. Some states offer a narrow workaround where the document custodian swears in a jurat that the copy is true, so check your own handbook before you promise anything.

5. 5. A signer's brother brings in a deed the signer already signed. The signer is at home and available by video call. The notary is not commissioned to perform remote online notarizations. What must the notary do?

   • A. Notarize it, because the signature is already on the document
   • B. Notarize it if the brother produces the signer's ID
   • C. Decline, because the signer has to personally appear before the notary
   • D. Notarize it and record in the journal that the signer appeared by video
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: C. Decline, because the signer has to personally appear before the notary

   Personal appearance is the one requirement every notarial act shares, and it is the rule most often broken as a favor. An acknowledgment lets the signer sign in advance, but the signer still has to stand in front of the notary and acknowledge it. A live video call counts only in states that authorize remote online notarization and only when the notary holds that specific authority and uses an approved platform, so without it the answer is no, however inconvenient that is.

6. 6. Which of the following are generally accepted ways to establish satisfactory evidence of a signer's identity?

   Marca todas las que correspondan.

   • A. The notary's own personal knowledge of the signer
   • B. A photocopy of the signer's ID emailed ahead of the appointment
   • C. A current government issued identification document of the kind the state accepts
   • D. The signer's employer vouching for them over the phone
   • E. One or more credible identifying witnesses, in the way the state allows
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: A. The notary's own personal knowledge of the signer, C. A current government issued identification document of the kind the state accepts, E. One or more credible identifying witnesses, in the way the state allows

   Most states recognize three routes to identity: the notary personally knows the signer, the signer presents an acceptable identification document, or a credible witness who knows the signer swears to that identity. Which documents qualify, how current they must be, and how many credible witnesses are needed and whether they must themselves be identified are all set by state law. A copy of an ID and a phone call from someone else prove nothing, because neither one is the person standing in front of you.

7. 7. Remote online notarization differs from a traditional notarization mainly because:

   • A. The signer no longer has to prove their identity
   • B. The signer appears live by audio and video, and identity is checked with credential analysis and identity proofing
   • C. The notary may perform acts while physically located outside the commissioning state
   • D. No journal or record of the act is required
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: B. The signer appears live by audio and video, and identity is checked with credential analysis and identity proofing

   Remote online notarization keeps every principle and changes only the way appearance and identity happen: a live two way audio video session plus automated checks on the credential and on the signer's identity. The notary normally has to be physically inside the commissioning state during the act, register separately for this authority and use a platform the state approved. The recording and the electronic journal must be kept, usually for a number of years the state sets, and not every state authorizes remote notarization at all.

8. 8. Where a notary journal is kept, which of the following are typical entries for each notarial act?

   Marca todas las que correspondan.

   • A. The date and time of the act
   • B. The type of notarial act and the type of document
   • C. How the signer's identity was established
   • D. The notary's opinion of whether the document is legally sound
   • E. A full photocopy of every page that was notarized
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: A. The date and time of the act, B. The type of notarial act and the type of document, C. How the signer's identity was established

   A journal is a chronological record of what you did, not a file of what you read, so entries cover the date and time, the act, the document, the signer's name and often address, how identity was established and the fee charged. Some states also require the signer's signature in the journal, and a few require a thumbprint for certain real property documents. Whether a journal is required at all, what it must contain and how long it is kept are state rules, and in most states the journal belongs to the notary personally rather than to the employer who paid for it.

9. 9. Complete the sentence.

   An _____ calls on a higher power, while an _____ is a solemn promise made on personal honor with no religious reference. Both carry the same legal weight and the same penalty for lying.

   Opciones para el hueco 1: oath, affirmation, acknowledgment

   Opciones para el hueco 2: oath, affirmation, acknowledgment

   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: oath, affirmation

   Offering the affirmation matters, because some signers will not swear for religious or personal reasons and are entitled to an equivalent that binds them just as tightly. Either one must be spoken aloud as a real exchange, with the signer responding, since a silent nod is not a ceremony. Skipping the words entirely and simply stamping an affidavit is one of the most common notarial errors, and it can leave the document worthless.

10. 10. Which statement about a notary's official seal or stamp is correct?

    • A. An employer who paid for it may use it while the notary is away
    • B. It may be placed over the signer's signature when space is tight
    • C. Any stamp is acceptable as long as it shows the notary's name
    • D. The notary keeps it under sole control, and state law sets what it must contain
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: D. The notary keeps it under sole control, and state law sets what it must contain

    The seal is the notary's personal official tool, so it stays in the notary's control even when an employer bought it, and a lost or stolen seal normally has to be reported to the commissioning office. What the seal must show, typically the name exactly as commissioned, the words notary public, the state and often a commission number or expiration date, is set by statute. Place it in clear space so nothing is obscured and so it reproduces cleanly, because a recorder can reject a document over a smudged or overlapping impression.

11. 11. A signer missed a filing deadline and asks the notary to date the certificate two days earlier. The notary should:

    • A. Refuse, because the certificate must show the date the act actually happened
    • B. Agree, if the signer signs a statement taking responsibility
    • C. Agree, if the document really was signed two days earlier
    • D. Agree, and record the true date in the journal instead
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: A. Refuse, because the certificate must show the date the act actually happened

    The date on the certificate is the date of the notarial act, not the date on the document, so backdating creates a false official record. It is one of the fastest ways to lose a commission, and depending on the state it can bring civil liability and criminal charges as well. The same applies to postdating, to signing a certificate before the act, and to leaving a stamped but blank certificate with anyone for later use.

12. 12. Which situation disqualifies a notary from performing the notarization?

    • A. The notary already knows the signer personally
    • B. The notary works for the company that prepared the document
    • C. The notary is named in the document and stands to gain from it
    • D. The notary has notarized for this signer several times before
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: C. The notary is named in the document and stands to gain from it

    A notary must be impartial, so being a party to the document or receiving a benefit from it beyond the lawful notarial fee is a disqualifying interest. A notary also cannot notarize their own signature. Personal knowledge of the signer is not a problem and is in fact one accepted way to establish identity, and being an employee of a party is usually allowed as long as you gain nothing beyond your salary and your fee. Rules about notarizing for a spouse or close relative differ by state, and declining is the safe answer when your handbook is not clear.

13. 13. Which of these actions would generally count as the unauthorized practice of law by a notary who is not an attorney?

    Marca todas las que correspondan.

    • A. Telling the signer which notarial act their document needs
    • B. Explaining what the document will do legally and whether signing it is wise
    • C. Asking the signer which act they want and reading the certificate choices printed on the document
    • D. Drafting a power of attorney for the signer
    • E. Refusing to notarize because the signer cannot produce acceptable identification
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: A. Telling the signer which notarial act their document needs, B. Explaining what the document will do legally and whether signing it is wise, D. Drafting a power of attorney for the signer

    Choosing the act for a signer is treated as legal advice, because the choice changes the legal effect of the document, so the notary describes the available acts and the signer decides. Explaining consequences or drafting documents crosses the same line. Reading out what is already printed and declining an act you may not perform are both squarely inside the job. In several states a notary who advertises in another language must also state plainly that they are not an attorney, because the term notario carries a very different meaning abroad.

14. 14. Complete the sentence.

    The most a notary may charge for a notarial act is set by _____, and some states set no maximum at all.

    Opciones para el hueco 1: federal law, state law, the notary's employer, the county recorder

    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: state law

    Fee caps are written into each state's notary statutes, and they can differ by act and for electronic or remote notarizations. Travel fees are treated separately, and some states require you to agree the amount with the signer in advance and to show it separately from the notarial fee. Overcharging is one of the most common reasons notaries face discipline, so look up your state's schedule and keep it where you work.

15. 15. In states that require a notary surety bond, what does that bond actually do?

    • A. It pays a member of the public who loses money through the notary's mistake or misconduct, and the notary has to repay the surety
    • B. It protects the notary from having to pay for their own mistakes
    • C. It covers the notary's legal costs in any lawsuit
    • D. It guarantees the commission will be renewed at the end of the term
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: A. It pays a member of the public who loses money through the notary's mistake or misconduct, and the notary has to repay the surety

    A surety bond protects the public, not the notary. If the bond pays a claim, the surety company comes back to the notary for the money. The optional coverage that protects the notary is errors and omissions insurance, which is separate and never required as a substitute. Whether a bond is required at all, the amount and the length of a commission term are set by each state, so check your handbook rather than assuming a figure you read somewhere else.

Qué evalúa de verdad un examen de notary

No existe una licencia nacional de notary public ni un examen nacional. Al notary public lo nombra un estado, y todas las normas que importan salen de las leyes de ese estado. Solo algunos estados exigen un examen escrito antes de nombrarte. California y Nueva York son los ejemplos conocidos, y los dos examinan su propia ley. Otros estados exigen un curso aprobado por el estado, una verificación de antecedentes y una solicitud, y algunos exigen poco más que una solicitud, una tasa y una fianza. Así que el número de preguntas, el tiempo límite, la nota de aprobado y el número de repeticiones los fija quien nombra a los notaries en tu estado, normalmente el secretary of state, aunque unos pocos estados usan otra oficina como el county clerk. El manual que publica esa oficina es la única fuente fiable para esos números.

Lo que los exámenes tienen en común son los conceptos de fondo. Casi todos esperan que sepas qué es y qué no es un notary, cuáles son los actos notariales y en qué se diferencian, que el firmante tiene que comparecer en persona, qué cuenta como prueba satisfactoria de identidad, qué va en el libro registro, cómo se usa y se protege el sello, cómo se completa el certificado, cuándo tienes que negarte, cuándo un interés en el documento te inhabilita y dónde termina notarizar y empieza ejercer la abogacía. La notarización electrónica y la remota también aparecen ya, al menos a nivel conceptual.

Lo que varía es casi cada detalle concreto. Si el libro registro es obligatorio, qué tiene que constar en él, si puedes certificar copias siquiera, la tarifa máxima por acto, si puedes cobrar por desplazamiento y cómo, si puedes notarizar para un familiar, cuánto dura un nombramiento, si hace falta una fianza y por qué importe, y si tu estado autoriza la notarización remota en línea. Nunca lleves un dato de un estado a otro. Busca cada una de esas cosas en tu propio manual y apunta la respuesta. Nada de esta página es asesoramiento legal.

Cómo usar esta muestra

Estas 15 preguntas se quedan en el terreno común. Preguntan qué separa un jurat de un acknowledgment, por qué la comparecencia personal no es negociable, qué prueba de identidad se acepta de verdad, para qué sirve el libro registro y de quién es, y por qué un notary que puede salir ganando con un documento tiene que pasárselo a otra persona. Cuando una norma la fija cada estado, la pregunta va sobre el principio y no sobre el número, porque el número que cuenta es el de tu estado.

Haz el test de una sentada y sin abrir tu manual, después lee todas las explicaciones, también las de las preguntas que acertaste. Trata una respuesta fallada como un tema y no como un dato que memorizar. Después abre el manual de tu estado y rellena los huecos que esta página deja abiertos a propósito. Apunta las tarifas máximas de tu estado, sus normas de libro registro, la duración del nombramiento, el requisito de fianza, si se permite certificar copias y qué dice sobre notarizar para familiares. Esa lista corta suele ser donde empiezan tanto un examen como una reclamación real.

Después practica la parte que de verdad mete a los notaries en problemas. Casi todas las sanciones vienen de certificados mal hechos y comparecencias saltadas, no de derecho exótico. Lee un certificado y di qué acto pide. Rellena el venue y la fecha. Di en voz alta la frase que vas a usar cuando tengas que negarte, porque rechazar con educación bajo presión es una habilidad, y la vas a necesitar delante de un cliente que llega tarde a un cierre.

Cómo StudyPDF crea tests completos con el manual de tu estado

Quince preguntas te enseñan dónde flojeas. No pueden prepararte, y ningún banco de preguntas general puede conocer las normas de tu estado, que es justo lo que examina un examen de notary.

StudyPDF va por otro camino, parte de tu propio material. Subes el manual de notary de tu estado, el dosier del curso aprobado por tu estado, la guía de estudio del examen que pagaste o los procedimientos de firma que te dio tu empresa o la title company, y Bo, el agente de estudio, crea tests de práctica completos con esas páginas exactas. Cada pregunta sale de tu material y cada explicación señala de dónde viene la respuesta, así que cuando una norma parezca mal puedes comprobar la fuente en segundos en vez de discutir con una web. Puedes generar tests nuevos tantas veces como quieras, centrarlos en un área como las normas del libro registro y el sello o los acknowledgments frente a los jurats, y ver qué conceptos sigues fallando. Si estudias con un trabajo, las sesiones cortas sobre tus áreas débiles ganan a releer el manual de principio a fin.

No hace falta ningún archivo para empezar. Si tu manual es una página web o te dejaste el dosier en el trabajo, di solo un tema, por ejemplo los requisitos del libro registro del notary o los juramentos y las declaraciones solemnes, y Bo escribe un test de práctica sobre eso. Empezar es gratis. Para cualquier cosa específica de tu estado, tu propio manual sigue siendo la autoridad, y nada de esto es asesoramiento legal.