Examen de práctica Real Estate
Las preguntas del test siguen en inglés.
Esta es una muestra gratis de 15 preguntas del examen de licencia de real estate salesperson de Estados Unidos, escrita por el equipo de StudyPDF. Cubre solo la parte nacional: la propiedad y los controles de uso del suelo, las descripciones legales, las servidumbres y los gravámenes, la agencia y la divulgación, los contratos, la financiación, los tres enfoques de tasación, la ley federal de fair housing y las matemáticas del cierre, con preguntas de opción múltiple, de marcar todas las que correspondan y de completar huecos. Responde las 15 preguntas, después mira tu puntuación y lee la explicación de cada una.
Which of the following is a private land use control rather than a government power?
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Las 15 preguntas de un vistazo
¿Prefieres leer antes de jugar? Abajo están todas las preguntas de la muestra. Las respuestas y explicaciones quedan plegadas hasta que las abras.
1. Which of the following is a private land use control rather than a government power?
- A. A city zoning ordinance
- B. A recorded deed restriction in a subdivision
- C. The power of eminent domain
- D. The annual real property tax
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: B. A recorded deed restriction in a subdivision
Deed restrictions, sometimes called covenants, are created by a private owner or developer and recorded against the land, and neighbors or an owners association enforce them in court. Government controls come from the four public powers, usually remembered as police power, eminent domain, taxation and escheat. Zoning is an exercise of police power, and it is set locally, so what is allowed on a lot varies from town to town. When a private restriction and a zoning rule disagree, the stricter of the two controls what the owner may actually do.
2. Which method of legal description identifies a parcel by referring to a map recorded in the public records?
- A. Metes and bounds
- B. The rectangular government survey
- C. Lot, block and subdivision
- D. The property's street address
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: C. Lot, block and subdivision
The lot and block method, also called the recorded plat method, points to a subdivision map on file with the county and names the lot and block on it. Metes and bounds walks the boundary from a point of beginning using distances and directions, and it must close back where it started. The rectangular government survey divides land into townships and sections, where one section is one square mile and contains 640 acres. A street address is never a legal description, because addresses get reassigned and do not fix a boundary.
3. A homeowner holds a recorded right to cross her neighbor's land to reach her garage. The parcel that benefits from that right is called:
- A. The dominant tenement
- B. The servient tenement
- C. An easement in gross
- D. A license
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: A. The dominant tenement
In an easement appurtenant there are two parcels: the dominant tenement gets the benefit and the servient tenement carries the burden. Because the easement attaches to the land rather than to the person, it normally passes to the next owner of each parcel automatically. An easement in gross benefits a person or a company instead of a parcel, which is how utility lines are usually held. A license is only permission, it is personal and it can be revoked, so it is much weaker than an easement.
4. Several claims are recorded against the same property. Which one generally takes priority over the others regardless of when it was recorded?
- A. A recorded first mortgage
- B. A mechanic's lien filed last year
- C. An unpaid general real property tax lien
- D. A judgment lien from a lawsuit
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: C. An unpaid general real property tax lien
Most liens rank by the date they were recorded, first in time being first in right. Real property tax and special assessment liens are the standard exception, because they are given priority by statute and jump ahead of earlier recorded claims. Tax liens are also specific liens, meaning they attach to one identified parcel, while a judgment lien is general and attaches to everything the debtor owns in that jurisdiction. The exact ranking below taxes is set by state law, so check your own statute for where mechanics liens fall.
5. An owner hires a property manager under a written management agreement to run an apartment building. What is the manager's relationship to the owner?
- A. An independent vendor who owes the owner no fiduciary duties
- B. A general agent, authorized to handle a continuing series of transactions
- C. A special agent, authorized for one transaction only
- D. A trustee who holds legal title to the building
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: B. A general agent, authorized to handle a continuing series of transactions
A property manager acts for the owner over and over, signing leases, collecting rent, hiring repairs and paying bills, so the agreement creates a general agency with full fiduciary duties. A listing broker is the classic special agent, hired for one transaction with narrow authority. The manager's job is to produce the best net operating income the property can sustain while keeping it in good physical condition, and both halves of that matter. Tenant screening, advertising and rules must follow the federal Fair Housing Act exactly the way a sale must.
6. What does the statute of frauds require before a contract for the sale of real property can be enforced in court?
- A. It must be notarized
- B. It must be recorded before closing
- C. It must be in writing and signed by the party being held to it
- D. It must be signed in front of two witnesses
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: C. It must be in writing and signed by the party being held to it
Every state has a statute of frauds, and real estate sale contracts are on the list of agreements it requires to be written and signed. Writing is on top of the ordinary elements of a valid contract: mutual assent through offer and acceptance, consideration, legally competent parties and a lawful object. Notarizing and recording serve other purposes, mainly proving a signature and giving public notice, and neither is what makes the promise enforceable. Some states add their own formalities for particular documents, so follow the forms your prelicense course gives you.
7. A buyer submits a written offer. The seller changes the closing date, signs the changed document and returns it. What is the legal effect?
- A. The seller has made a counteroffer, and the buyer's original offer is no longer open
- B. The seller has accepted, and a binding contract now exists on the buyer's terms
- C. The original offer stays open, and the buyer must go through with the purchase
- D. Nothing happens, because only the buyer may propose terms
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: A. The seller has made a counteroffer, and the buyer's original offer is no longer open
Acceptance has to mirror the offer exactly. Any change in terms is a counteroffer, which rejects the original offer and puts the seller in the offering position, so the buyer is now free to accept, counter again or walk away. That is why sellers who counter can lose a buyer who has since found another house. Contingencies work differently: a financing or inspection contingency written into an accepted contract keeps the contract alive but lets the named party exit or renegotiate if the stated condition is not met by the deadline.
8. Which statement describes a deed of trust?
- A. It transfers ownership of the property to the lender at closing
- B. It is a lease that gives the tenant an option to buy
- C. It is a two party instrument in which the lender takes possession of the property
- D. It is a three party instrument in which a neutral trustee holds title or the power of sale until the debt is paid
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: D. It is a three party instrument in which a neutral trustee holds title or the power of sale until the debt is paid
A mortgage names two parties, the borrower as mortgagor and the lender as mortgagee. A deed of trust names three: the borrower as trustor, the lender as beneficiary and a neutral trustee who holds bare legal title or the power of sale and reconveys it when the loan is paid. Which instrument is used, and whether the state follows title theory or lien theory, is decided by state law, and it drives how foreclosure works there. In either arrangement the borrower keeps possession and the right to use the property while paying.
9. A title company offers a brokerage a fee for every buyer the brokerage sends its way. Which federal law does that arrangement run into?
- A. The Truth in Lending Act
- B. The Americans with Disabilities Act
- C. The Fair Housing Act
- D. The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: D. The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act
RESPA governs settlement services on most residential mortgage loans, and it prohibits giving or accepting anything of value for referring settlement service business, including title work, appraisals and insurance. It also drives the Loan Estimate and Closing Disclosure timing that borrowers see. The Truth in Lending Act is about disclosing the cost of credit, mainly the annual percentage rate and the finance charge, and about advertising rules. Nothing here is legal advice, and RESPA enforcement questions belong with a lawyer or your state commission.
10. Which of the following are duties a listing agent owes to the seller who is the agent's client?
Marca todas las que correspondan.
- A. Obeying the client's lawful instructions
- B. Keeping the client's finances and motivation to sell confidential
- C. Guaranteeing the property will sell for the asking price
- D. Accounting for every dollar of the client's money handled by the brokerage
- E. Concealing a known material defect from the buyer if the seller asks
- F. Deciding which offer to take without telling the seller the others exist
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: A. Obeying the client's lawful instructions, B. Keeping the client's finances and motivation to sell confidential, D. Accounting for every dollar of the client's money handled by the brokerage
The classic fiduciary duties are obedience, loyalty, disclosure to the client, confidentiality, accounting and reasonable care. Obedience stops at the law: an instruction to hide a known material defect or to discriminate is one the agent must refuse, and in most states known material defects about the property have to be disclosed to the buyer as well. No agent can promise a sale price, because the market sets it. Presenting every offer is a core duty, since only the seller decides which one to take.
11. Which of the following are protected classes under the federal Fair Housing Act?
Marca todas las que correspondan.
- A. Occupation
- B. Familial status, meaning households with children under 18
- C. Source of income
- D. National origin
- E. Disability
- F. Level of education
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: B. Familial status, meaning households with children under 18, D. National origin, E. Disability
The federal list is race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status and disability, and HUD applies sex to include sexual orientation and gender identity. Occupation, source of income, marital status and age are not on the federal list, but many states, counties and cities add them, so your state portion may treat them as protected where you practice. Disability also brings affirmative obligations, including allowing reasonable modifications and making reasonable accommodations in rules. Always answer national portion questions from the federal list and check your own state's additions separately.
12. Which statements about the three appraisal approaches to value are correct?
Marca todas las que correspondan.
- A. The income approach is the usual choice for an owner occupied single family home
- B. The cost approach adds land value to what it would cost to rebuild the improvements, minus depreciation
- C. The sales comparison approach adjusts the prices of similar properties that recently sold
- D. The income approach divides net operating income by a capitalization rate
- E. An appraisal and an agent's comparative market analysis are the same thing
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: B. The cost approach adds land value to what it would cost to rebuild the improvements, minus depreciation, C. The sales comparison approach adjusts the prices of similar properties that recently sold, D. The income approach divides net operating income by a capitalization rate
Sales comparison leads for houses, because there are plenty of recent sales to adjust against. The cost approach carries the most weight for new construction and for special purpose buildings such as a school or a church, where comparable sales barely exist. The income approach fits property bought for the income it throws off, and the basic relationship is value equals net operating income divided by the capitalization rate. An appraisal is an independent opinion of value by a licensed appraiser, while a comparative market analysis is a pricing tool an agent prepares, and confusing the two is a common exam trap.
13. Complete the sentence.
A home sells for $320,000. The seller agreed to a 6 percent commission, and the listing and selling brokerages split it evenly. Each brokerage receives _____.
Opciones para el hueco 1: $4,800, $9,600, $16,000, $19,200
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: $9,600
Six percent of $320,000 is $19,200, and half of that is $9,600 per brokerage. Read these questions carefully, because they often ask for one agent's share rather than the whole fee, which means a second split between the brokerage and its agent. Commission rates and splits are always negotiable between the parties, and no law, board or association may set them.
14. Complete the sentence.
The annual property tax on a home is $3,600 and it is paid in arrears. The sale closes on June 1, and the closing agent prorates using twelve equal months, charging the seller through May 31. The seller's share of the tax is _____.
Opciones para el hueco 1: $1,200, $1,500, $1,800, $2,100
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: $1,500
Divide $3,600 by 12 to get $300 a month, then count the months the seller owned the home, January through May, which is five months, for $1,500. Because the tax is paid in arrears, that amount is a credit to the buyer and a debit to the seller at settlement. Proration conventions differ: some closings use a 360 day year with 30 day months, others use the actual 365 days, and whether the day of closing belongs to the seller or the buyer is set by the contract or by local custom.
15. Complete the sentence.
A buyer purchases a home for $300,000 and puts $60,000 down, leaving a $240,000 loan. The loan to value ratio is _____. The lender charges two discount points on that loan, which costs the buyer _____ at closing.
Opciones para el hueco 1: 70 percent, 75 percent, 80 percent, 90 percent
Opciones para el hueco 2: $2,400, $4,800, $6,000, $9,600
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta: 80 percent, $4,800
Loan to value is the loan divided by value, so $240,000 divided by $300,000 is 80 percent. When the sale price and the appraised value differ, lenders base the ratio on the lower of the two. One discount point is 1 percent of the loan amount, never of the sale price, so two points on $240,000 is $4,800, and points are paid up front to buy the interest rate down. On a conventional loan an LTV above 80 percent normally triggers private mortgage insurance, which is one reason 20 percent down is such a common target.
Qué pregunta de verdad el examen de licencia de real estate
En Estados Unidos la licencia de real estate es un asunto de cada estado, no federal. La real estate commission de tu estado decide quién puede presentarse al examen, cuántas horas de formación prelicense necesitas antes, qué proveedor de exámenes lo administra, cuántas preguntas tiene, cuánto tiempo te dan y qué nota aprueba. Dos estados vecinos pueden diferir en todos y cada uno de esos puntos, así que los únicos números fiables son los del candidate handbook de tu estado. Ese manual es gratis, lo publica el proveedor con el que tu estado tiene contrato, y es lo primero que hay que descargar.
Lo que casi todos los estados comparten es la estructura en dos partes. Hay una parte nacional con los principios y las prácticas que son básicamente iguales en todas partes, y una parte estatal con la ley de licencias de tu propio estado, sus normas de agencia, sus formularios de divulgación y la normativa de su comisión. Muchos estados puntúan las dos partes por separado, o sea que puedes aprobar una y suspender la otra y tener que volver por la mitad que fallaste.
Esta muestra cubre solo la parte nacional. Esa parte suele preguntar sobre la propiedad inmobiliaria y los controles de uso del suelo, las descripciones legales, los gravámenes, las relaciones de agencia y la divulgación, los contratos, la financiación, la tasación, la gestión de inmuebles, la ley federal de fair housing y las matemáticas del settlement. Nada de esta página es asesoramiento legal, y nada de esto sustituye a las normas de tu propio estado.
Cómo usar esta muestra y cómo estudiar el temario
Haz las 15 preguntas de una sentada y sin apuntes, después lee la explicación de todas, también de las que acertaste. Acertar adivinando y saber por qué son cosas distintas, y solo una de las dos llega viva al día del examen. Trata cada respuesta fallada como un tema, no como un dato. Si fallaste la pregunta de la servidumbre y la de la prioridad de los gravámenes, repasa los gravámenes enteros, porque son la misma idea vista desde dos ángulos.
La parte nacional premia el vocabulario más de lo que la gente espera. Términos como dominant tenement, servient tenement, general agent, special agent, appurtenant y consideration tienen significados legales muy estrechos, y el examen construye los distractores con las palabras que suenan parecido. Ve haciendo una lista de los términos que sigues confundiendo y practica esos pares uno contra otro en vez de releer el capítulo.
Haz las cuentas con lápiz, no reconociendo la respuesta. Los repartos de comisión, los prorrateos, los points, el loan to value y el impuesto de transmisión siguen todos el mismo patrón: identifica la base, aplica el porcentaje y comprueba si la pregunta pide la cifra entera o la parte de una sola de las partes. Por eso las tres preguntas de completar huecos de aquí son todas de cálculo. Después siéntate aparte con tu parte estatal, porque esta página no cubre nada de ella.
Cómo StudyPDF crea tests completos con tu libro de preparación
Quince preguntas te enseñan dónde flojeas. Por sí solas no te preparan, y un banco nacional genérico no dice nada de la mitad de tu examen que va de ley estatal.
StudyPDF va por otro camino, parte de tu propio material. Subes el libro de preparación que compraste, el dosier de tu curso prelicense aprobado por el estado, las diapositivas de tu profesor o el manual de la brokerage que te dieron, y Bo, el agente de estudio, crea tests de práctica completos con esas páginas exactas. Esa es la única forma práctica de trabajar tu parte estatal, porque la ley de licencias de tu estado vive en los materiales de tu curso y no está en ningún banco de preguntas nacional. Cada pregunta sale de tus páginas y cada explicación cita de dónde viene la respuesta, así que puedes ir directo a la fuente cuando algo no te cuadre. Puedes generar tests nuevos tantas veces como quieras, centrarlos en un área como la agencia o la financiación, y seguir qué conceptos sigues fallando.
No hace falta subir nada para empezar. Si los materiales de tu curso todavía están de camino, di solo un tema, por ejemplo las servidumbres y los gravámenes o el cálculo del loan to value, y Bo escribe un test de práctica sobre eso. Empezar es gratis, y encaja alrededor de un trabajo, que es como estudia para este examen casi todo el mundo.
Escrito por el equipo de StudyPDF. Actualizado el 2026-08-19.