Preguntas de práctica NAPLEX

Todos los tests de Medicina y farmacia

• Test de práctica · 15 preguntas

  Preguntas de práctica PANCE

• Test de práctica · 15 preguntas

  Test de práctica MCAT

• Test de práctica · 15 preguntas

  Preguntas de práctica MCAT

Ver todo →

Crea el tuyo

Sube tu libro de preparación, tus diapositivas o tus apuntes, o dile a Bo qué quieres estudiar. No necesitas ningún documento para empezar.

Crear mi propio test

Las 15 preguntas de un vistazo

¿Prefieres leer antes de jugar? Abajo están todas las preguntas de la muestra. Las respuestas y explicaciones quedan plegadas hasta que las abras.

1. 1. Warfarin produces its anticoagulant effect by which mechanism?

   • A. It binds antithrombin and speeds up the inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa
   • B. It inhibits thrombin directly at the active site
   • C. It blocks vitamin K epoxide reductase, so the liver cannot recycle vitamin K
   • D. It irreversibly blocks cyclooxygenase inside the platelet
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: C. It blocks vitamin K epoxide reductase, so the liver cannot recycle vitamin K

   Warfarin stops the recycling of vitamin K, which the liver needs in order to finish clotting factors II, VII, IX and X along with proteins C and S. The factors already in circulation have to clear before the effect shows, which is why warfarin takes days to reach full effect and is followed with the INR. Heparin is the antithrombin activator, direct thrombin inhibition describes agents such as argatroban, and cyclooxygenase blockade is aspirin.

2. 2. Which statement best describes how metformin lowers blood glucose?

   • A. It reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue
   • B. It closes potassium channels on the beta cell so more insulin is released
   • C. It blocks glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule so glucose leaves in the urine
   • D. It acts at the GLP-1 receptor to slow gastric emptying and increase satiety
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: A. It reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue

   Metformin works mainly in the liver, where it damps down gluconeogenesis, and it makes muscle more responsive to the insulin already present. Because it does not push the beta cell to secrete, it carries little hypoglycemia risk when used alone, unlike the sulfonylureas described in the second option. The third and fourth options describe the SGLT2 inhibitors and the GLP-1 receptor agonists.

3. 3. Macrolides such as azithromycin and clarithromycin inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding which target?

   • A. The 30S ribosomal subunit
   • B. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
   • C. Penicillin binding proteins in the cell wall
   • D. The 50S ribosomal subunit
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: D. The 50S ribosomal subunit

   Macrolides bind the 50S subunit and block the elongation step of translation. Clindamycin and linezolid bind the same subunit at overlapping sites, which is why those classes can compete with one another. The 30S subunit belongs to the aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, DNA gyrase to the fluoroquinolones, and penicillin binding proteins to the beta lactams, so knowing the target usually predicts the cross resistance pattern.

4. 4. Rifampin lowers the plasma concentration of many drugs taken alongside it. What is the mechanism?

   • A. It binds those drugs in the gut and blocks their absorption
   • B. It induces CYP3A4 and other drug metabolizing enzymes along with P-glycoprotein
   • C. It displaces those drugs from plasma protein binding sites
   • D. It blocks the renal tubular secretion of those drugs
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: B. It induces CYP3A4 and other drug metabolizing enzymes along with P-glycoprotein

   Rifampin is one of the strongest enzyme inducers seen in practice. It increases production of CYP3A4 and several other enzymes plus the P-glycoprotein transporter, so substrates are metabolized and pumped out faster and their concentrations fall. Induction takes days to build and days to wear off, so the interaction outlasts the last dose. Inhibitors such as clarithromycin and the azole antifungals do the opposite and push substrate levels up.

5. 5. A persistent dry cough is a well known effect of the ACE inhibitors. What explains it?

   • A. Direct irritation of the airway lining by the drug itself
   • B. Loss of aldosterone, which dries out the airway
   • C. Reflex bronchospasm triggered by a falling blood pressure
   • D. Reduced breakdown of bradykinin and related peptides in the airway
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: D. Reduced breakdown of bradykinin and related peptides in the airway

   Angiotensin converting enzyme does two jobs. It converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and it degrades bradykinin. Blocking it leaves bradykinin to accumulate, which irritates the airway and is also behind the angioedema risk. Angiotensin receptor blockers act further downstream and leave bradykinin breakdown untouched, which is why the cough usually settles after a switch.

6. 6. Which pharmacokinetic parameter do you need in order to estimate a loading dose?

   • A. Volume of distribution
   • B. Clearance
   • C. Elimination half life
   • D. The absorption rate constant
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: A. Volume of distribution

   A loading dose has to fill the space the drug spreads into, so it comes from the volume of distribution and the target concentration, not from how fast the body removes the drug. Clearance is the parameter behind the maintenance dose, because maintenance replaces what is being eliminated. Half life is derived from both, since it lengthens when volume of distribution rises or clearance falls.

7. 7. Combining a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with which class carries the highest risk of serotonin syndrome?

   • A. Beta blockers
   • B. Proton pump inhibitors
   • C. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
   • D. Thiazide diuretics
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: C. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

   Serotonin syndrome comes from excess serotonergic activity, and the classic pairing is a reuptake inhibitor with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, because one blocks removal from the synapse while the other blocks breakdown. The presentation is mental status change, autonomic instability and neuromuscular findings such as clonus and hyperreflexia. Linezolid and methylene blue belong on the same alert list, since both have monoamine oxidase inhibiting activity that is easy to overlook.

8. 8. The anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, carry a cumulative dose related toxicity. Which one, and which test watches for it?

   • A. Pulmonary fibrosis, watched with pulmonary function tests
   • B. Cardiomyopathy, watched with the left ventricular ejection fraction
   • C. Peripheral neuropathy, watched with nerve conduction studies
   • D. Hemorrhagic cystitis, watched with urinalysis
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: B. Cardiomyopathy, watched with the left ventricular ejection fraction

   Anthracycline injury to the myocardium adds up over a patient's lifetime exposure, so the ejection fraction is measured before treatment and followed during it. The other three options are real toxicities of other agents: pulmonary fibrosis with bleomycin, neuropathy with the vinca alkaloids and the platinum agents, and hemorrhagic cystitis with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Pairing each agent with its signature toxicity and the test that detects it is a high yield habit.

9. 9. What is the purpose of tall man lettering, as in hydrALAZINE and hydrOXYzine?

   • A. It marks products that have to be stored in a controlled substance safe
   • B. It shows which part of the name is the stem shared across a drug class
   • C. It identifies products that require a medication guide
   • D. It makes the differing letters stand out so look alike sound alike names are not confused
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: D. It makes the differing letters stand out so look alike sound alike names are not confused

   Look alike sound alike name pairs are a common source of dispensing errors, and tall man lettering fights that by capitalizing the letters that differ so the eye catches them. It is one layer among several, alongside separating the products on the shelf, putting both the drug name and the indication on the label, and confirming the indication with the patient. Class stems such as pril and olol are a separate naming convention with nothing to do with error prevention.

10. 10. Which statements about pharmacokinetics are correct?

    Marca todas las que correspondan.

    • A. Under first order elimination, a constant fraction of the drug present is removed per unit time
    • B. A large volume of distribution means the drug stays mostly inside the plasma
    • C. Half life depends on both clearance and volume of distribution
    • D. On a fixed regimen, steady state is reached after about one half life
    • E. Zero order elimination removes a constant amount per unit time no matter what the concentration is
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: A. Under first order elimination, a constant fraction of the drug present is removed per unit time, C. Half life depends on both clearance and volume of distribution, E. Zero order elimination removes a constant amount per unit time no matter what the concentration is

    First order elimination removes a percentage, so the concentration curve falls steeply at first and then flattens. Zero order removes a fixed amount, which is why a saturated pathway, as with ethanol or with phenytoin at higher concentrations, makes small dose changes risky. Half life is a derived number that rises when volume of distribution rises or clearance falls. A large volume of distribution means the opposite of confinement to plasma, and steady state on a fixed regimen takes roughly four to five half lives.

11. 11. Which drug and routine monitoring parameter pairs are correctly matched?

    Marca todas las que correspondan.

    • A. Warfarin and the INR
    • B. Levothyroxine and TSH
    • C. Lisinopril and the platelet count
    • D. Lithium and the serum lithium concentration
    • E. Atorvastatin and the serum sodium
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: A. Warfarin and the INR, B. Levothyroxine and TSH, D. Lithium and the serum lithium concentration

    Each correct pair is a case where a lab reports something the patient cannot feel yet. INR follows the vitamin K dependent factors, TSH takes weeks to settle after a levothyroxine change, and lithium sits close enough to its toxic range that the concentration itself is followed. An ACE inhibitor is watched with serum potassium and serum creatinine rather than platelets, and a statin is followed with a lipid panel, with liver enzymes and creatine kinase checked when symptoms point that way.

12. 12. Which statements about pharmacy compounding standards are correct?

    Marca todas las que correspondan.

    • A. USP General Chapter 795 is the chapter that governs sterile compounding
    • B. USP General Chapter 797 sets the standards for compounded sterile preparations
    • C. Sterile compounding is performed in ISO Class 5 air, supplied by a primary engineering control such as a laminar airflow workbench
    • D. A beyond use date and a manufacturer expiration date mean the same thing
    • E. USP General Chapter 800 covers the handling of hazardous drugs
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: B. USP General Chapter 797 sets the standards for compounded sterile preparations, C. Sterile compounding is performed in ISO Class 5 air, supplied by a primary engineering control such as a laminar airflow workbench, E. USP General Chapter 800 covers the handling of hazardous drugs

    Chapter 795 is the nonsterile chapter, covering preparations such as creams, capsules and oral liquids, while 797 is the sterile chapter and 800 covers hazardous drug handling for everyone who touches those products. Sterile work happens in ISO Class 5 air, which the primary engineering control provides, sited inside a cleaner buffer area. A beyond use date belongs to a compounded or repackaged preparation and is usually far shorter than the expiration date printed on an unopened manufacturer container.

13. 13. Complete the calculation.

    A ratio strength of 1 to 10,000 means one gram of drug in 10,000 milliliters of solution. A 1:10,000 epinephrine solution therefore contains _____ mg of epinephrine in each milliliter.

    Opciones para el hueco 1: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1

    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: 0.1

    One gram in 10,000 mL is 1,000 mg in 10,000 mL, which reduces to 0.1 mg in 1 mL. The habit worth building is to turn the ratio into grams per milliliter first and only then convert to the unit the question asks for, instead of guessing at the decimal place. Written as a percentage strength, the same solution is 0.01 percent weight in volume.

14. 14. Complete the calculation.

    Sodium chloride has a molecular weight of about 58.5, and each ion carries a single charge. One gram of sodium chloride therefore supplies roughly _____ mEq of sodium.

    Opciones para el hueco 1: 17, 34, 58.5, 117

    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: 17

    One milliequivalent is the molecular weight in milligrams divided by the valence, so for sodium chloride one mEq weighs about 58.5 mg. Dividing 1,000 mg by 58.5 mg gives about 17 mEq, and because the salt separates into one sodium and one chloride, that is 17 mEq of each ion. Salts carrying a divalent ion, such as calcium chloride, keep the valence in the denominator, which halves the milliequivalent count for the same weight.

15. 15. Complete the sentences.

    Percentage strength weight in volume means grams of ingredient per 100 mL. A 500 mL bag of 0.9 percent sodium chloride therefore contains _____ grams of sodium chloride, and a solution labeled 1 percent weight in volume can also be written as a ratio strength of _____.

    Opciones para el hueco 1: 0.45, 4.5, 45, 450

    Opciones para el hueco 2: 1:10, 1:100, 1:1,000, 1:10,000

    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: 4.5, 1:100

    0.9 percent means 0.9 g in every 100 mL, so a 500 mL bag holds five times that, which is 4.5 g. For the ratio, 1 percent is 1 g in 100 mL, and that is written 1:100. Percentage strength and ratio strength are the same arithmetic in two different costumes, and saying the conversion out loud once catches most decimal place errors.

Qué cubre de verdad el NAPLEX

El NAPLEX es el North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination, y lo administra la National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. Los graduados en farmacia lo hacen después de recibir su título, y los farmacéuticos formados fuera lo hacen cuando tienen la certificación del Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Examination Committee. NABP construye el examen a partir de un Content Outline publicado, y el esquema vigente para los exámenes desde el 1 de mayo de 2025 ordena todo en cinco dominios de contenido: Foundational Knowledge for Pharmacy Practice, Medication Use Process, Person-Centered Assessment and Treatment Planning, Professional Practice, y Pharmacy Management and Leadership. Los pesos publicados son el 25 por ciento, el 25 por ciento, el 40 por ciento, el 5 por ciento y el 5 por ciento de las 200 preguntas puntuables.

Esos pesos te dicen dónde poner las horas. Person-Centered Assessment and Treatment Planning es el bloque suelto más grande, y es donde viven las interacciones, las reacciones adversas a medicamentos, la monitorización terapéutica, la toxicología y la adherencia. El conocimiento fundamental es la ciencia que hay debajo: farmacología, farmacocinética y farmacodinámica, farmacotecnia, elaboración estéril y no estéril, y cálculos farmacéuticos, incluidas las concentraciones en razón, la osmolaridad, las velocidades de administración y las conversiones de dosis. El dominio del proceso de uso del medicamento cubre la interpretación de órdenes, los nombres y las clases de fármacos, la sustitución terapéutica, los servicios de vacunación, y cómo se almacenan, se manipulan y se eliminan los medicamentos.

Algunos detalles cambian y otros no nos toca a nosotros decirlos. El número de preguntas que ves el día del examen, el límite de tiempo, el estándar de aprobado, las normas de repetición y tu ventana de elegibilidad los fijan NABP y la junta estatal de farmacia de tu estado en Estados Unidos. Búscalos en el NAPLEX and MPJE Application Bulletin vigente y en el Content Outline en nabp.pharmacy en vez de fiarte de un número de una página de estudio. StudyPDF no está afiliada a NABP.

Cómo usar esta muestra y cómo estudiar el material

Estas 15 preguntas se quedan en el razonamiento, no en la memoria. Preguntan por qué un fármaco funciona como funciona, qué enzima está detrás de una interacción conocida, qué prueba de laboratorio detecta una toxicidad antes de que el paciente la note, y la aritmética que hay detrás de las concentraciones y las concentraciones en razón. Aquí no se pregunta qué fármaco ni qué dosis debería recibir un paciente concreto. Eso es juicio clínico, corresponde a un profesional con licencia y a referencias actualizadas, y esta página es práctica de estudio, no orientación médica. Cada pregunta la escribió el equipo de StudyPDF a partir de las competencias publicadas, no está copiada de NABP ni de ningún banco de preguntas comercial.

Hazla de una sentada y sin apuntes, después lee la explicación de cada pregunta, también de las que acertaste. Trata una respuesta incorrecta como un tema, no como un dato. Si fallaste la pregunta de la rifampicina y la del síndrome serotoninérgico, la laguna son las interacciones como sistema, no esos dos fármacos, así que repasa juntas la inducción, la inhibición y los efectos farmacodinámicos aditivos.

Los cálculos necesitan su propio entrenamiento. Son la parte del examen en la que la mayoría puede mejorar más rápido, porque la aritmética es finita y repetible, y castigan a quien solo lee sobre ellos. Escribe cada valor con su unidad, convierte a gramos por mililitro o a miligramos por mililitro antes de hacer nada más, y haz una estimación rápida de control antes de fiarte del número que sale en pantalla. Los tests hermanos enlazados abajo cubren los fundamentos de los grupos de fármacos y el lado clínico del cálculo de ese mismo material.

Cómo StudyPDF crea tests completos con tu material

Quince preguntas te enseñan dónde estás flojo. Por sí solas no te preparan para un examen de licencia en Estados Unidos, y un banco genérico rara vez coincide con lo que subraya tu propio itinerario de terapéutica o tu curso de repaso.

StudyPDF va por otro camino y trabaja con tu material. Subes tus apuntes de terapéutica, tus diapositivas de farmacocinética, tu cuaderno de cálculos o el libro de repaso que ya pagaste, y Bo, el agente de estudio, crea tests de práctica completos con esas páginas exactas. Cada pregunta sale de lo que subiste, y cada explicación cita de dónde viene la respuesta, así que puedes abrir la fuente en cuanto algo parezca raro. Puedes generar tests nuevos tantas veces como quieras, centrarlos en un solo área como las enfermedades infecciosas o la elaboración, y seguir qué conceptos te siguen costando puntos.

No hace falta que subas nada para empezar. Si no tienes ningún archivo a mano, di solo un tema, por ejemplo las interacciones del CYP450, la monitorización de aminoglucósidos o los cálculos de concentración en razón, y Bo escribe un test de práctica con eso. Empezar es gratis.