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Las 15 preguntas de un vistazo

¿Prefieres leer antes de jugar? Abajo están todas las preguntas de la muestra. Las respuestas y explicaciones quedan plegadas hasta que las abras.

1. 1. A 12 volt circuit feeds a single load that measures 3 ohms. How much current flows through the circuit?

   • A. 0.25 amps
   • B. 3 amps
   • C. 4 amps
   • D. 36 amps
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: C. 4 amps

   Ohm's law says current equals voltage divided by resistance, so 12 divided by 3 is 4 amps. Multiplying instead of dividing gives 36, and dividing the wrong way around gives 0.25, which are the two mistakes worth catching. Knowing the expected current also tells you whether a fuse rating and a wire size make sense for the circuit you are looking at.

2. 2. Both front tires show a feathered, sawtooth edge across the tread. Which alignment angle is the most likely cause?

   • A. Toe
   • B. Camber
   • C. Caster
   • D. Steering axis inclination
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: A. Toe

   Toe is the difference between the front and rear of the tires as seen from above. When it is off, the tire is dragged sideways a little with every revolution, and that scrubbing carves one side of each tread block down into a feathered edge. Camber wears one shoulder of the tire smoothly instead. Caster and steering axis inclination affect steering effort, straight line stability and return to center rather than tread wear.

3. 3. Complete the sentence.

   In the diagnostic trouble code P0301, the letter _____ tells you the code belongs to the powertrain, and the last two digits tell you _____.

   Opciones para el hueco 1: B, C, P, U

   Opciones para el hueco 2: which cylinder is misfiring, how many drive cycles have passed, how long the code has been stored, which scan tool read the code

   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: P, which cylinder is misfiring

   The first character sorts the code by system: B for body, C for chassis, P for powertrain and U for network communication. The digit right after it says whether the definition is generic or manufacturer specific, and the last two digits identify the specific fault. In the misfire family that number is the cylinder, so P0301 is a cylinder 1 misfire and P0300 is a random or multiple cylinder misfire with no single cylinder singled out.

4. 4. In an automotive air conditioning system, which component absorbs heat from the air going into the passenger compartment?

   • A. The condenser
   • B. The evaporator
   • C. The receiver drier
   • D. The compressor
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: B. The evaporator

   Refrigerant enters the evaporator as a cold low pressure liquid and boils into a vapor. Changing state takes a lot of heat, and that heat comes out of the air blowing across the evaporator fins, which is what cools the cabin. The condenser at the front of the vehicle does the opposite job and dumps that heat to outside air, the compressor raises pressure and moves the refrigerant, and the receiver drier stores refrigerant and traps moisture.

5. 5. What does a torque converter do that a simple fluid coupling cannot?

   • A. It shifts the transmission between gear ranges
   • B. It holds the vehicle stationary on a hill with no brake applied
   • C. It filters and cools the transmission fluid
   • D. It multiplies engine torque when the turbine is turning much slower than the impeller
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: D. It multiplies engine torque when the turbine is turning much slower than the impeller

   A plain fluid coupling only passes torque along. A torque converter adds a stator between the turbine and the impeller, and the stator redirects fluid coming off the turbine so it hits the impeller in a helpful direction. That extra push multiplies torque, and the effect is largest at stall, when the turbine is barely moving. As turbine speed catches up to impeller speed the multiplication fades toward one to one, and a lockup clutch then ties the two together mechanically to remove the last of the slip.

6. 6. How is a voltage drop test on a starter cable performed?

   • A. With the cable disconnected at both ends and an ohmmeter reading end to end
   • B. With the circuit operating and the meter connected across the cable, in parallel with it
   • C. With the meter wired in series with the cable while the engine cranks
   • D. With the battery disconnected and the meter set to the continuity position
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: B. With the circuit operating and the meter connected across the cable, in parallel with it

   Voltage drop measures resistance where it matters, under real load. You leave the cable connected, crank the engine so current is flowing, and put the meter leads on the two ends of the cable. A low reading means the cable is passing current freely and a high reading means something in that path is fighting it. An ohmmeter cannot substitute, because it pushes only a tiny test current and a corroded connection that reads near zero ohms can still drop several volts at two hundred amps.

7. 7. A vehicle with a manual transmission gains engine rpm when accelerating in high gear, but road speed barely changes. What is the most likely cause?

   • A. A slipping clutch disc
   • B. A clutch that is dragging and will not fully release
   • C. A worn synchronizer in fourth gear
   • D. A bent shift fork
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: A. A slipping clutch disc

   Slipping and dragging are opposite faults and they give opposite symptoms. Slipping means the disc cannot hold the torque being asked of it, so engine speed runs away from road speed, and it shows up first in the highest gear and under load because that is where torque demand at the disc is greatest. Dragging means the disc does not fully let go when the pedal is down, and that shows up as grinding going into gear or as the vehicle creeping in gear at a stop.

8. 8. A vehicle has a stored P0300 random misfire code. Which of the following are plausible causes worth checking?

   Marca todas las que correspondan.

   • A. A large vacuum leak downstream of the mass airflow sensor
   • B. A clogged cabin air filter
   • C. Worn spark plugs across several cylinders
   • D. Low fuel pressure from a weak fuel pump
   • E. A burned out license plate lamp
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: A. A large vacuum leak downstream of the mass airflow sensor, C. Worn spark plugs across several cylinders, D. Low fuel pressure from a weak fuel pump

   A random misfire points at something shared by all the cylinders rather than at one cylinder's parts. Unmetered air, tired plugs and low fuel pressure all lean out or weaken combustion everywhere at once, so all three belong on the check list. A cabin air filter only affects airflow to the passenger compartment and a lamp is a separate lighting circuit, so neither touches combustion. If the code had named one cylinder instead, the search would narrow to that cylinder's ignition, injector and compression.

9. 9. Which of the following are wheel alignment angles measured on an alignment rack?

   Marca todas las que correspondan.

   • A. Ring and pinion backlash
   • B. Camber
   • C. Wheel bearing preload
   • D. Caster
   • E. Toe
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: B. Camber, D. Caster, E. Toe

   Camber, caster and toe are the three primary alignment angles. Camber is the inward or outward tilt of the wheel seen from the front, caster is the forward or rearward tilt of the steering axis seen from the side, and toe is how much the wheels point in or out seen from above. Backlash and bearing preload are drivetrain and hub measurements. Of the three angles, toe is the one that destroys tires fastest, so it is checked and set last after camber and caster are correct.

10. 10. Coming down a long grade a driver uses the brakes continuously. The pedal still feels firm, but the vehicle slows far less than normal. What is happening?

    • A. The pedal linkage has stretched
    • B. The tires have lost air pressure
    • C. The parking brake has released itself
    • D. The friction material has overheated and lost friction
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: D. The friction material has overheated and lost friction

    A brake system works by turning the vehicle's motion into heat at the friction surfaces. Held on for long enough, those surfaces get hotter than the material was designed for and its coefficient of friction falls, so the same pedal effort produces less stopping. That is brake fade, and the pedal staying firm is the clue that it is a friction and heat problem rather than something in the hydraulic side. The fix on the road is to select a lower gear so the engine does most of the slowing and the brakes get a chance to cool.

11. 11. Complete the sentence.

    The three members of a simple planetary gearset are the sun gear, the ring gear and the _____, which holds the _____.

    Opciones para el hueco 1: carrier, synchronizer, stator, valve body

    Opciones para el hueco 2: clutch discs, band anchors, pinion gears, thrust washers

    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: carrier, pinion gears

    A planetary gearset gives several ratios from one set of gears because you can choose which member is driven, which is held still and which drives the output. Hold the ring gear and drive the sun gear and the carrier turns slowly, which is a reduction. Drive the carrier and take output from the ring gear and you get overdrive. Lock any two members together and the whole set turns as a unit, which is direct drive. The clutches and bands in the transmission are what make those choices.

12. 12. Which statements about a series circuit are correct?

    Marca todas las que correspondan.

    • A. Each branch sees the full source voltage
    • B. The current is the same at every point in the circuit
    • C. Total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances
    • D. The individual voltage drops add up to source voltage
    • E. If one component opens, the rest keep working
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: B. The current is the same at every point in the circuit, C. Total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances, D. The individual voltage drops add up to source voltage

    A series circuit gives current only one path, so the same current passes through every component, resistances add, and the voltage drops across them add back up to source voltage. Because there is one path, an open anywhere stops the whole circuit. The other two statements describe a parallel circuit, where each branch gets full voltage and the remaining branches keep working when one opens. Unwanted resistance in a series path is exactly what a voltage drop test finds.

13. 13. Complete the sentence.

    A worn clutch release bearing usually makes noise while the _____, and a worn _____ bearing makes noise with the pedal fully down, the transmission in gear and the vehicle stopped.

    Opciones para el hueco 1: clutch pedal is being pressed, vehicle coasts with the pedal up, engine idles in neutral with the pedal up, key is off

    Opciones para el hueco 2: wheel, pilot, camshaft, output shaft

    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: clutch pedal is being pressed, pilot

    Both noises are diagnosed by when they appear. The release bearing only gets loaded and spun against the pressure plate fingers when the pedal moves it forward, so it complains while the pedal is down and goes quiet when you lift your foot. The pilot bearing sits between the crankshaft and the input shaft and only turns when those two spin at different speeds, which is exactly the condition you create by holding the pedal down in gear at a standstill. Noticing which pedal position brings the noise saves pulling a transmission to find out.

14. 14. What is the job of the oxygen sensor mounted after the catalytic converter?

    • A. To set the base fuel injection amount
    • B. To measure exhaust backpressure
    • C. To monitor how well the converter is working
    • D. To switch the fuel pump relay on and off
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: C. To monitor how well the converter is working

    The upstream sensor swings rich and lean constantly and the engine computer uses those swings to trim fuel in closed loop. The downstream sensor should look much calmer, because a healthy converter stores and releases oxygen and smooths the changes out. When the downstream signal starts to mirror the upstream one, the computer decides the converter is no longer doing its job and sets an efficiency code. Note that misfires and a rich condition can kill a converter, so a converter code is often a symptom of something else rather than the whole story.

15. 15. In a four stroke engine, which is the correct order of the strokes?

    • A. Compression, intake, power, exhaust
    • B. Intake, compression, power, exhaust
    • C. Intake, power, compression, exhaust
    • D. Exhaust, intake, power, compression
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: B. Intake, compression, power, exhaust

    Intake draws the air and fuel charge in, compression squeezes it with both valves closed, the power stroke is the only one that drives the crankshaft, and exhaust pushes the burned gases out. The whole cycle takes two crankshaft revolutions, and since each valve opens once per cycle the camshaft turns at half crankshaft speed. That two to one relationship is why cam timing has to be set with the crank at a known position.

Cómo están montados los tests de automóvil de la ASE

ASE son las siglas del National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence, una organización sin ánimo de lucro independiente que certifica a los técnicos en Estados Unidos. No existe un único test ASE. La línea de automóvil es la serie A, y cada área es su propio test aparte, en el que te inscribes y que haces por separado: A1 reparación de motor, A2 transmisión automática y transeje, A3 transmisión manual y ejes, A4 suspensión y dirección, A5 frenos, A6 sistemas eléctricos y electrónicos, A7 calefacción y aire acondicionado, y A8 rendimiento del motor. Aprueba las ocho y tienes el estatus de Master Automobile Technician.

Por encima de la serie A está el L1, el test de Advanced Engine Performance Specialist. El L1 no es una novena área básica. Da por hecho que ya te sabes el material del A8 y entonces te pide resolver diagnóstico avanzado de conducción y emisiones, incluido un vehículo compuesto de referencia que el propio test te entrega para que todo el mundo razone sobre el mismo sistema y no sobre la marca que a cada uno le toque conocer.

Otras dos cosas dan forma al proceso. La certificación también exige experiencia laboral práctica, en general dos años, y la formación o los estudios relevantes pueden sustituir una parte, así que puedes aprobar un test antes de que se emita el certificado, y este se emite cuando la experiencia está registrada. Y la certificación no dura para siempre. Caduca y vuelves a examinarte para mantenerla vigente. El número de preguntas, el tiempo límite, la tasa actual, la nota de aprobado y las normas exactas de experiencia y recertificación salen todos de la ASE, así que míralos en su web o en tu documentación de inscripción y no en una página de terceros, esta incluida.

Cómo usar esta muestra

Estas 15 preguntas se reparten por la serie A en vez de concentrarse en un área, porque esta página es el punto de partida. Usa tus fallos para elegir a qué test atacar primero. Si las preguntas de sistema eléctrico fueron mal y las de transmisión fueron bien, eso te dice dónde va el próximo mes de estudio. Dos muestras hermanas enlazadas abajo entran a fondo en un área cada una, A1 reparación de motor y A5 frenos, así que hazlas cuando sepas cómo estás.

Los tests reales tiran del diagnóstico más que de la memoria. Describen un síntoma, te dan una medición o una queja del cliente y preguntan a qué apunta o qué comprobar a continuación. Muchas preguntas usan además el formato en el que el técnico A dice una cosa, el técnico B dice otra y tú decides si tiene razón uno, los dos o ninguno. Ese formato castiga leer por encima, porque las dos afirmaciones pueden ser ciertas por separado y solo una responder a lo que se pregunta. Las preguntas de aquí están escritas de forma directa para que te centres en el contenido, pero practica la redacción del técnico A y el técnico B antes del día del examen para que no te frene.

Haz la muestra de una sentada y sin apuntes, después lee la explicación de cada pregunta, también de las que acertaste. Trata una respuesta fallada como un tema y no como un dato. Acertar por suerte y entender no son lo mismo, y los tests son lo bastante largos como para que los aciertos por suerte se compensen.

Cómo StudyPDF crea tests completos con tu propio material

Quince preguntas te enseñan dónde flojeas. Por sí solas no te preparan, y un banco genérico rara vez coincide con lo que subraya la guía de estudio o el curso de formación que estás haciendo de verdad.

StudyPDF va por otro camino, parte de tu material. Subes tu guía de estudio de la ASE, los dosieres de formación de tu taller o la información de servicio que has estado leyendo, y Bo, el agente de estudio, crea tests de práctica completos con esas páginas exactas. Cada pregunta sale de tu material y cada explicación cita de dónde viene la respuesta, así que puedes ir directo a la fuente cuando algo parezca mal. Puedes generar tests nuevos tantas veces como quieras, reducirlos a un área como el A6 eléctrico o el A8 rendimiento del motor, y seguir qué conceptos sigues fallando.

No hace falta subir nada para empezar. Si no tienes ningún archivo a mano, di solo un tema, por ejemplo la prueba de consumo parásito o el funcionamiento del convertidor de par, y Bo escribe un test de práctica sobre eso. Empezar es gratis.