Test de práctica de flebotomía

Todos los tests de Enfermería y salud

• Test de práctica · 15 preguntas

  Test de práctica CNA

• Test de práctica · 15 preguntas

  Test de práctica de medical assistant

• Mazo de tarjetas · 20 tarjetas

  Tarjetas de terminología médica

Ver todo →

Crea el tuyo

Sube tu libro de preparación, tus diapositivas o tus apuntes, o dile a Bo qué quieres estudiar. No necesitas ningún documento para empezar.

Crear mi propio test

Las 15 preguntas de un vistazo

¿Prefieres leer antes de jugar? Abajo están todas las preguntas de la muestra. Las respuestas y explicaciones quedan plegadas hasta que las abras.

1. 1. Following the standard order of draw, which tube is collected immediately after the light blue sodium citrate tube?

   • A. The lavender EDTA tube
   • B. The gray sodium fluoride tube
   • C. The red or gold serum tube
   • D. The green heparin tube
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: C. The red or gold serum tube

   The standard sequence is blood cultures first, then the light blue citrate tube, then serum tubes with or without a gel separator, then heparin, then EDTA, then the glycolytic inhibitor tube. The citrate tube comes early because coagulation testing depends on an exact ratio of blood to additive, and it must be filled to the mark for that ratio to hold.

2. 2. Why does the order of draw exist?

   • A. To keep additive from one tube from carrying over into the next through the needle
   • B. To keep the total time of the draw under a fixed limit
   • C. To fill the largest tubes while the vein is still full
   • D. To match the order in which the laboratory runs the tests
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: A. To keep additive from one tube from carrying over into the next through the needle

   Blood in the needle and the holder can carry a trace of additive backward into the following tube, and a trace is enough to ruin a result. EDTA carried into a chemistry tube is the classic example, because the potassium in the salt makes potassium read falsely high and the chelated calcium makes calcium read falsely low.

3. 3. Complete the sentence.

   The lavender top tube contains _____, which stops the specimen from clotting by binding _____.

   Opciones para el hueco 1: sodium citrate, EDTA, lithium heparin, sodium fluoride

   Opciones para el hueco 2: calcium, potassium, sodium, iron

   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: EDTA, calcium

   EDTA binds calcium, and the clotting cascade cannot run without it. It also preserves cell shape better than the other anticoagulants, which is why it is the tube for a complete blood count and a blood smear. The tube has to be filled to the marked volume, because leftover EDTA in an underfilled tube shrinks the red cells and skews the count.

4. 4. In the antecubital fossa, which vein is usually the first choice for venipuncture?

   • A. The cephalic vein
   • B. The median cubital vein
   • C. The basilic vein
   • D. The brachial artery
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: B. The median cubital vein

   The median cubital vein sits toward the middle of the antecubital fossa, is generally large and well anchored so it rolls less, and lies farthest from the major nerve and artery. The cephalic vein on the thumb side is the usual second choice. Vein patterns differ from person to person, so palpate first rather than assuming a textbook layout.

5. 5. Why is the basilic vein the last choice among the antecubital veins?

   • A. It is too small to accept a standard needle
   • B. It collapses as soon as the tourniquet is released
   • C. It carries arterial blood rather than venous blood
   • D. It lies close to the brachial artery and the median nerve
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: D. It lies close to the brachial artery and the median nerve

   The basilic vein runs on the little finger side of the arm, and the brachial artery and the median nerve sit just under it. Puncturing either is the reason this vein is used only when the others are unavailable. It is also less anchored in the tissue, so it tends to roll away from the needle.

6. 6. Which of the following make hemolysis more likely?

   Marca todas las que correspondan.

   • A. Drawing through a needle that is too small for the vacuum of the tube
   • B. Pushing blood from a syringe through the tube stopper under pressure
   • C. Shaking the tubes hard instead of inverting them gently
   • D. Letting the alcohol dry fully before the puncture
   • E. Filling each tube to the volume the vacuum draws
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: A. Drawing through a needle that is too small for the vacuum of the tube, B. Pushing blood from a syringe through the tube stopper under pressure, C. Shaking the tubes hard instead of inverting them gently

   Hemolysis is red cells breaking open, and it happens when the cells are forced through too narrow an opening, pushed under pressure, or shaken. It matters because the contents of the cells spill into the plasma, so potassium, LDH, magnesium and phosphate all read falsely high, and a visibly pink or red sample is usually rejected. Letting alcohol dry and filling tubes properly both reduce the risk rather than raise it.

7. 7. An inpatient is scheduled for a draw. Which identification step meets the standard?

   • A. Ask the patient whether they are Mrs. Alvarez and draw if they say yes
   • B. Match the name posted on the door of the room to the requisition
   • C. Ask the patient to state their full name and date of birth, then compare both with the armband and the requisition
   • D. Confirm the patient's name with the nurse assigned to the room
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: C. Ask the patient to state their full name and date of birth, then compare both with the armband and the requisition

   Identification has to be active, using two identifiers the patient supplies rather than ones you offer. A yes or no question invites the wrong answer from someone who is drowsy, hard of hearing or confused. Room numbers and bed numbers are never identifiers, because patients get moved.

8. 8. Complete the sentence.

   The gray top tube contains _____, which slows glycolysis so that the _____ result does not drift downward while the specimen waits to be tested.

   Opciones para el hueco 1: EDTA, sodium citrate, sodium fluoride, a clot activator

   Opciones para el hueco 2: potassium, glucose, hemoglobin, albumin

   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: sodium fluoride, glucose

   Red cells keep consuming glucose after the blood leaves the arm, so an untreated sample reads lower the longer it sits. Sodium fluoride blocks an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and holds the value steady, which is why this tube is used for glucose and for alcohol testing. It is usually paired with potassium oxalate, which handles the anticoagulation.

9. 9. Which anticoagulant prevents clotting by blocking thrombin rather than by binding calcium?

   • A. Sodium citrate
   • B. EDTA
   • C. Potassium oxalate
   • D. Heparin
   Ver respuesta y explicación

   Respuesta: D. Heparin

   Heparin works further along the cascade. It boosts antithrombin, which shuts down thrombin and factor Xa, so fibrin never forms. Citrate, EDTA and oxalate all work the other way, by tying up the calcium the cascade needs. Because heparin leaves the sample's chemistry closest to untouched, heparin tubes are common for chemistry panels.

10. 10. During a draw the patient reports a sharp, shooting, electric pain running down the forearm. What should the phlebotomist do?

    • A. Release the tourniquet, withdraw the needle right away, and stop the draw
    • B. Continue, since brief pain is expected during venipuncture
    • C. Rotate the needle to a shallower angle and continue
    • D. Loosen the tourniquet and collect the remaining tubes quickly
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: A. Release the tourniquet, withdraw the needle right away, and stop the draw

    Shooting or electric pain, tingling or numbness suggests the needle is near or in a nerve, and that is one of the few injuries from a blood draw that can last. The response is to stop rather than to reposition. Ordinary venipuncture stings briefly at the puncture and then settles, which is different from pain that travels down the limb.

11. 11. Which of these are correct sharps and infection control practices during venipuncture?

    Marca todas las que correspondan.

    • A. Activate the needle safety device as soon as the needle leaves the arm
    • B. Discard the needle and the tube holder together as a single unit
    • C. Recap the needle with two hands before disposing of it
    • D. Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves before every patient
    • E. Fill the sharps container to the very top before it is replaced
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: A. Activate the needle safety device as soon as the needle leaves the arm, B. Discard the needle and the tube holder together as a single unit, D. Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves before every patient

    Most needlestick injuries happen between the arm and the container, so the safety device goes on immediately and the needle is not handled again. Recapping with two hands points a contaminated needle at your own fingers. An overfilled sharps container is a puncture hazard on its own, which is why containers are replaced at the marked fill line rather than when they stop closing.

12. 12. A swelling appears at the site during a draw and the blood flow slows. What is the most likely cause?

    • A. The tourniquet was applied too loosely
    • B. The needle went through the far wall of the vein
    • C. The additive in the tube had expired
    • D. The patient's arm was held above the level of the heart
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: B. The needle went through the far wall of the vein

    That swelling is a hematoma, blood leaking out of the vessel into the surrounding tissue. It usually means the needle passed through the back wall, or that the bevel is only partly in the vein, or that a nearby vessel was nicked. Release the tourniquet, remove the needle and hold firm pressure, and do not try to save the draw by pushing the needle deeper.

13. 13. Which statements about capillary, or dermal, collection are correct?

    Marca todas las que correspondan.

    • A. The first drop is wiped away because it is diluted with tissue fluid
    • B. The EDTA tube is filled before the other additive tubes
    • C. On an infant, the puncture is made on the medial or lateral plantar surface of the heel
    • D. Repeated hard squeezing of the site is used to speed up the flow
    • E. A capillary sample is the preferred specimen for blood cultures
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: A. The first drop is wiped away because it is diluted with tissue fluid, B. The EDTA tube is filled before the other additive tubes, C. On an infant, the puncture is made on the medial or lateral plantar surface of the heel

    Capillary collection reverses the venipuncture order because platelets start clumping at the puncture within seconds, so the hematology tube is filled first. Hard squeezing, sometimes called milking, forces tissue fluid into the sample and breaks red cells. On an infant the puncture stays on the sides of the plantar surface to keep away from the heel bone. Blood cultures need a larger sterile volume than a fingerstick can give.

14. 14. Complete the sentence.

    A specimen collected for _____ is wrapped in foil or collected in an amber tube, because that substance breaks down when the sample sits in the light.

    Opciones para el hueco 1: potassium, glucose, bilirubin, hemoglobin

    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: bilirubin

    Bilirubin is light sensitive, so even a short spell on a sunny counter can drop the value and make a jaundiced newborn look better than they are. Light protection is one of three special handling rules worth knowing together. Some specimens travel chilled, some have to stay near body temperature until they are processed, and the requisition or the laboratory manual says which.

15. 15. When should a blood collection tube be labeled?

    • A. Back in the laboratory, once the specimen has been checked in
    • B. Before the draw, so the tube is ready when it fills
    • C. At the end of the round, together with the rest of the batch
    • D. At the patient's side, right after the tubes are filled and before leaving
    Ver respuesta y explicación

    Respuesta: D. At the patient's side, right after the tubes are filled and before leaving

    Labeling at the bedside, with the patient still in front of you, is what keeps a tube tied to the right person. Prelabeled tubes can end up on the wrong patient, and labeling later relies on memory. The label carries the patient's full name, a second unique identifier, and the date and time of collection, plus whatever else your facility requires, such as the collector's initials.

Qué entra de verdad en un examen de flebotomía

No existe un único examen nacional de flebotomía en Estados Unidos. Varias organizaciones certifican a los flebotomistas, entre ellas la National Healthcareer Association, la American Society for Clinical Pathology, American Medical Technologists y el National Center for Competency Testing. Cada una fija su propio número de preguntas, tiempo límite, nota de aprobado, vías de acceso y normas de recertificación, y esos datos se revisan, así que la única fuente fiable es el manual del candidato vigente del organismo con el que te examines. Algunos estados exigen además su propia licencia o certificación para extraer sangre, por encima de cualquier certificado nacional. Esas normas las fija cada estado, no una norma nacional, así que consulta también el departamento de salud de tu propio estado.

Lo que los esquemas tienen en común es el trabajo en sí. Casi todos esperan que sepas el orden de extracción y la razón que hay detrás, qué aditivo va en qué tubo y cómo actúa, las venas de la fosa antecubital y cómo elegir el sitio de punción, cómo identificar al paciente y etiquetar la muestra, las complicaciones habituales y qué causa cada una, la extracción capilar y en qué se diferencia de la venopunción, el manejo especial como la refrigeración y la protección de la luz, y el control de infecciones y la seguridad con objetos punzantes. La mayoría también preguntan algo de procesamiento de muestras, profesionalidad y privacidad del paciente.

Dos cosas pesan más de lo que espera quien empieza. La primera es el orden. Los exámenes preguntan qué haces primero, qué viene después y qué haces en el momento en que algo va mal, porque en este trabajo la secuencia es la habilidad. La segunda es la seguridad, la tuya y la del paciente, así que espera preguntas sobre dispositivos de aguja, eliminación de punzantes y las situaciones en las que paras una extracción en vez de terminarla.

Cómo usar esta muestra

Estas 15 preguntas tiran del porqué más que de los nombres. Preguntan qué le hace de verdad un aditivo a la sangre, por qué los tubos salen de la aguja en un orden fijo, por qué se elige la vena mediana cubital antes que la basílica, y qué te está diciendo una hinchazón o un dolor punzante durante una extracción. Ese razonamiento es lo que hace que las listas memorizadas se queden, porque una regla que sabes explicar no se te desordena bajo la presión del tiempo.

Hazla de una sentada y sin apuntes, después lee la explicación de cada pregunta, también de las que acertaste. Trata una respuesta fallada como un tema y no como un dato. Si fallaste la pregunta del orden de extracción y la del aditivo, estudia los tubos y los aditivos juntos como una sola tabla, porque son el mismo conocimiento preguntado desde dos lados.

Una cosa que hay que dejar clara. Esto es práctica de examen, no orientación médica. Nada de esta página te dice cómo atender a un paciente. Cuando extraigas de verdad, sigue el procedimiento escrito de tu empresa, a tu profesor o supervisor, y las instrucciones del fabricante de los tubos y los dispositivos de seguridad que uses de verdad.

Cómo StudyPDF crea tests completos con tu propio material

Quince preguntas te enseñan dónde flojeas. Por sí solas no te preparan, y un banco genérico rara vez coincide con lo que subraya tu propio programa o la lista de competencias de tu empresa.

StudyPDF va por otro camino, parte de tu material. Subes tu libro de flebotomía, tu manual de laboratorio o los dosieres que te dio tu programa, y Bo, el agente de estudio, crea tests de práctica completos con esas páginas exactas. Cada pregunta sale de tu material y cada explicación cita de dónde viene la respuesta, así que puedes ir directo a la fuente cuando algo no te cuadre. Puedes generar tests nuevos tantas veces como quieras, reducirlos a un área como el orden de extracción o las complicaciones, y seguir qué conceptos sigues fallando.

No hace falta subir nada para empezar. Si no tienes ningún archivo a mano, di solo un tema, por ejemplo los aditivos de los tubos o la extracción capilar, y Bo escribe un test de práctica sobre eso. Empezar es gratis.