Series 63 oefenexamen

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Liever eerst lezen? Hieronder staat elke vraag uit deze oefentoets. Antwoorden en uitleg blijven ingeklapt tot je ze opent.

1. 1. Under the Uniform Securities Act, which of the following must register in the state as an agent?

   • A. A receptionist at a broker-dealer who answers the phone and transfers callers to registered personnel
   • B. An individual who represents a broker-dealer and takes buy and sell orders from customers in the state
   • C. The broker-dealer firm itself, once it opens an office in the state
   • D. A bank that sells its own certificates of deposit to its depositors
   Toon antwoord en uitleg

   Antwoord: B. An individual who represents a broker-dealer and takes buy and sell orders from customers in the state

   Two words carry this definition. An agent is an individual, never a firm, and the individual has to be effecting or attempting to effect purchases or sales of securities for a broker-dealer or an issuer. Clerical and ministerial staff who never take an order and never solicit business fall outside it, and the firm is a broker-dealer, which is a separate defined term with its own registration. Watch for the trap of calling a firm an agent, because the Act never does.

2. 2. Which of the following is a sale or an offer under the Uniform Securities Act?

   • A. A gift of assessable stock
   • B. A bona fide pledge of securities as collateral for a loan
   • C. A stock dividend paid to existing shareholders who give nothing of value for it
   • D. A gift of nonassessable stock with no strings attached
   Toon antwoord en uitleg

   Antwoord: A. A gift of assessable stock

   Sale means any contract or disposition of a security for value, and offer means any attempt to dispose of a security or any solicitation of an offer to buy one. Value is the hinge. Assessable stock can require the holder to pay in more money later, so accepting it exposes the recipient to a future call, and the Act treats the gift as a sale. A pledge for a genuine loan, a stock dividend given for nothing, and a plain gift of nonassessable stock all fail the value test.

3. 3. Which of the following are securities under the Uniform Securities Act?

   Selecteer alles wat van toepassing is.

   • A. A variable annuity contract
   • B. A fixed annuity that pays a guaranteed dollar amount for life
   • C. A fractional undivided interest in an oil and gas drilling program
   • D. A commodity futures contract on wheat
   • E. An investment contract
   • F. A whole life insurance policy with a stated death benefit
   Toon antwoord en uitleg

   Antwoord: A. A variable annuity contract, C. A fractional undivided interest in an oil and gas drilling program, E. An investment contract

   The Act lists what counts, and the through line is that the holder's return depends on performance they do not control. A variable annuity leaves the investor exposed to market results, and an oil and gas fractional interest and an investment contract both pool money for a return produced by someone else's effort. Insurance products that promise fixed, stated dollar amounts are carved out by name, and so are commodity futures and forward contracts. The fixed versus variable line is the one this question is really testing.

4. 4. A firm has no place of business in State A. In State A it effects securities transactions only with banks, insurance companies, investment companies and other broker-dealers. Under the Uniform Securities Act, in State A this firm is:

   • A. required to register as a broker-dealer, because it transacts business with persons located in the state
   • B. required to register as an investment adviser instead
   • C. excluded from the definition of broker-dealer, so it does not register there as one
   • D. exempt only for as long as it registers each of its representatives as agents
   Toon antwoord en uitleg

   Antwoord: C. excluded from the definition of broker-dealer, so it does not register there as one

   This definition turns on two facts together: whether the firm has a place of business in the state, and who its clients in that state are. With no office in the state and only institutional clients such as banks, insurance companies, investment companies and other broker-dealers, the firm falls outside the definition of broker-dealer entirely. Note that being excluded from a definition is not the same as being exempt from a requirement, and the exam cares about the difference. A parallel exclusion covers a firm with no place of business in the state whose only clients there are existing customers who are not residents and are just passing through.

5. 5. An accountant prepares a client's tax return and, while explaining the tax bill, suggests the client move money into municipal bonds. She bills her usual hourly accounting rate and charges nothing extra for the suggestion. Under the Uniform Securities Act she is:

   • A. an investment adviser, because she recommended a specific type of security
   • B. not an investment adviser, because the advice was incidental to her profession and she took no special compensation for it
   • C. an investment adviser representative of her accounting firm
   • D. a broker-dealer, because the conversation concerned buying securities
   Toon antwoord en uitleg

   Antwoord: B. not an investment adviser, because the advice was incidental to her profession and she took no special compensation for it

   The definition has three prongs and all three must be met: advice about securities, being in the business of giving it, and compensation for that advice. Accountants, lawyers, teachers and engineers are excluded when the advice is solely incidental to their profession and they receive no special compensation for it. Break either half of that and the exclusion disappears, so charging a separate advisory fee, or advertising herself as an adviser, would pull her back inside the definition.

6. 6. Complete the sentence.

   Under the Uniform Securities Act, the firm in the business of effecting securities transactions for the accounts of others is a _____, and the natural person who represents that firm and takes customer orders is a _____.

   Opties voor invulveld 1: broker-dealer, agent, issuer

   Opties voor invulveld 2: broker-dealer, agent, investment adviser representative

   Toon antwoord en uitleg

   Antwoord: broker-dealer, agent

   The Act keeps firms and people in separate boxes and never lets one entity wear both labels. A broker-dealer is a person, in practice usually a firm, engaged in the business of effecting securities transactions, while an agent is always a natural person representing a broker-dealer or an issuer. The advisory side splits the same way: the firm is the investment adviser and the individual is the investment adviser representative. Reading a question with those four boxes in mind resolves most of the definitional items on this exam.

7. 7. An issuer is registering an offering with the SEC and wants the same offering registered in several states at the same time. Which state registration method is built for that?

   • A. Registration by qualification
   • B. Registration by notification, sometimes called filing
   • C. Registration by coordination
   • D. A notice filing
   Toon antwoord en uitleg

   Antwoord: C. Registration by coordination

   Coordination exists exactly for an offering going through federal and state registration side by side, and the state registration becomes effective at the same time the federal registration does, once the state's filing conditions are met. Qualification is the fallback for an offering registered only in the state and demands the most disclosure, which is why issuers avoid it when they can. A notice filing is not registration at all, it is what a state may require, with a fee, for a federal covered security the state has no power to register.

8. 8. Which of the following is an exempt transaction under the Uniform Securities Act?

   • A. A solicited sale of an unregistered, nonexempt security to a retail client
   • B. An advertised public offering of common stock to residents of the state
   • C. A sale by an issuer to fifty retail investors who answered a newspaper advertisement
   • D. An isolated nonissuer transaction
   Toon antwoord en uitleg

   Antwoord: D. An isolated nonissuer transaction

   An exempt transaction is exempt because of how the sale happens, not because of what is being sold, so read the parties and the manner of sale rather than the security. The standard examples are isolated nonissuer transactions, unsolicited customer orders, sales to institutional buyers, transactions with underwriters, and sales by fiduciaries such as executors, trustees and guardians. General advertising defeats a private offering claim, which is what sinks the newspaper answer. The person claiming an exemption carries the burden of proving it, and the Administrator can revoke an exemption.

9. 9. Which of the following are prohibited business practices for a registered agent?

   Selecteer alles wat van toepassing is.

   • A. Recommending a security only after reviewing the customer's financial situation and objectives
   • B. Guaranteeing a customer against loss in the account
   • C. Borrowing money from a retail customer who is not in the business of lending
   • D. Declining an order the agent believes is unsuitable and documenting the conversation
   • E. Deciding which security to buy and how many shares without prior written authorization from the customer
   Toon antwoord en uitleg

   Antwoord: B. Guaranteeing a customer against loss in the account, C. Borrowing money from a retail customer who is not in the business of lending, E. Deciding which security to buy and how many shares without prior written authorization from the customer

   Sort the prohibited practice list into three reasons and it stops being a memory exercise. A guarantee against loss is misleading, because nobody can deliver it. Borrowing from a client who is not a bank or other lender puts the agent's interest ahead of the client's in a way the client cannot police. Choosing the security and the size without written discretionary authority is acting without authority, and note that discretion over only the time or the price of an order the customer already specified is treated differently. Gathering suitability information and refusing an unsuitable order are what the rules ask for, not violations.

10. 10. Complete the sentence.

    The antifraud provisions of the Uniform Securities Act apply to _____.

    Opties voor invulveld 1: only securities registered in the state, only nonexempt securities sold in nonexempt transactions, every security and every transaction, whether or not registration was required, only accounts held by retail customers

    Toon antwoord en uitleg

    Antwoord: every security and every transaction, whether or not registration was required

    An exemption is always an exemption from registration, never from the ban on fraud. A United States Treasury bond and a private placement both sit outside the registration requirement, and misleading a buyer about either one still violates the Act. That is why it was an exempt transaction is never a defense to a fraud charge, and why the Administrator can pursue fraud even where it had no registration authority in the first place.

11. 11. An agent tells a prospect that a stock must be sound because the state Administrator registered the offering. This statement is:

    • A. acceptable, because state registration does involve a review of the offering
    • B. acceptable as long as the agent also delivers a prospectus
    • C. prohibited, because registration never means the Administrator approved the security or passed on its merits
    • D. prohibited only if the investment later loses value
    Toon antwoord en uitleg

    Antwoord: C. prohibited, because registration never means the Administrator approved the security or passed on its merits

    Registering an offering means the required disclosure was filed and cleared, not that any regulator judged the investment. Telling a client or a prospect otherwise is a specifically prohibited representation, and it is prohibited on the day it is said, regardless of how the investment turns out. The same rule covers a person's own registration, so an agent may not suggest that being registered means the Administrator vouched for the agent's ability or integrity.

12. 12. Which of the following may a state securities Administrator do under the Uniform Securities Act?

    Selecteer alles wat van toepassing is.

    • A. Conduct an investigation outside the borders of the state
    • B. Issue a cease and desist order against a person believed to be about to violate the Act
    • C. Issue an injunction ordering a person to stop selling securities
    • D. Subpoena witnesses and require the production of books and records
    • E. Sentence a person who violated the Act to a term in prison
    Toon antwoord en uitleg

    Antwoord: A. Conduct an investigation outside the borders of the state, B. Issue a cease and desist order against a person believed to be about to violate the Act, D. Subpoena witnesses and require the production of books and records

    The Administrator's tools are administrative: orders, investigations, subpoenas, and the power to deny, suspend, revoke or cancel a registration. Investigations are not stopped by the state line, because a violation aimed into the state can be run from anywhere. Injunctions and prison sentences are court remedies, so the Administrator has to go to court and ask for them rather than impose them directly. Administrative order versus court order is the distinction this part of the exam returns to again and again.

13. 13. Under the state brochure rule, an investment adviser that does not deliver its brochure at least 48 hours before entering an advisory contract may instead deliver it when the contract is signed, provided that:

    • A. the client is an institutional investor
    • B. the Administrator grants a written waiver
    • C. the adviser charges no fee for the first month
    • D. the client may terminate the contract without penalty within five business days
    Toon antwoord en uitleg

    Antwoord: D. the client may terminate the contract without penalty within five business days

    The rule gives two routes to compliance and both exist for the same reason, which is that the client should get real time to read the disclosure. Either deliver the brochure at least 48 hours before the contract, or deliver it at signing and give the client five business days to walk away without penalty. Federal covered advisers follow the SEC's version of the delivery rule instead of a state's, and that split between state registered and federal covered advisers shows up repeatedly on this exam.

14. 14. Complete the sentence.

    A buyer who purchased a security sold in violation of the Act may sue to recover the price paid plus interest, court costs and reasonable attorney fees, less _____.

    Opties voor invulveld 1: the commission the agent earned on the trade, any income the buyer already received on the security, the current market value of the security, the seller's original cost basis

    Toon antwoord en uitleg

    Antwoord: any income the buyer already received on the security

    The remedy is designed to undo the trade and put the buyer back where they started, not to hand the buyer a profit. So the buyer tenders the security back and recovers what was paid, with interest and costs, minus any dividends or interest already collected on it. A seller who realizes it broke the Act can head off the lawsuit with a written rescission offer, and a buyer who does not accept within the window loses the right to sue. Time limits on these claims are set by each state's adopted statute, so check the one that applies to you.

15. 15. Which statement best describes the standard an investment adviser owes its clients?

    • A. A fiduciary duty, which requires the adviser to act in the client's best interest and disclose material conflicts of interest
    • B. A suitability standard only, meaning a reasonable basis for each recommendation is enough
    • C. No standard at all beyond the antifraud provisions
    • D. A duty owed only to clients whose accounts exceed a stated dollar size
    Toon antwoord en uitleg

    Antwoord: A. A fiduciary duty, which requires the adviser to act in the client's best interest and disclose material conflicts of interest

    An investment adviser is a fiduciary, so it puts the client first and discloses material conflicts such as how it is compensated, whether it also earns commissions, and any interest it holds in a security it recommends. Broker-dealer agents were traditionally measured against suitability, a narrower test asking only whether a recommendation fits that customer. Federal Regulation Best Interest has since raised the bar for recommendations made to retail customers, so the gap between the two standards is smaller than older study guides describe.

Wat het Series 63-examen echt vraagt

De Series 63 is het Uniform Securities Agent State Law Examination. NASAA, de North American Securities Administrators Association, schrijft het en FINRA neemt het af. Het examen heeft 65 vragen, waarvan er 60 meetellen voor je score en 5 ongescoorde testvragen zijn die je niet kunt herkennen, en je krijgt 75 minuten. Je slaagt door minstens 43 van de 60 meetellende vragen goed te beantwoorden, wat neerkomt op 72 procent. Het examengeld en de regels voor het inplannen komen van FINRA, dus kijk in je actuele kandidaatinformatie en niet in een oud forumbericht.

De inhoud is het recht van de staten en niet productkennis. NASAA publiceert een onderwerpenoverzicht, en de twee grootste blokken zijn ethische praktijk en verplichtingen met 25 procent en communicatie met klanten en prospects met 20 procent. Regulering van agents van broker-dealers is 13 procent, regulering van broker-dealers is 12 procent, remedies en bestuurlijke bepalingen is 11 procent, regulering van effecten en uitgevende instellingen is 9 procent, en investment advisers en investment adviser representatives nemen elk 5 procent. Bij elkaar betekent dat dat ongeveer de helft van het examen over gedrag en communicatie gaat, en de rest over definities en registratie.

Een ding moet vanaf het begin duidelijk zijn. De Series 63 is een uniform examen gebouwd op de model Uniform Securities Act, maar de afzonderlijke staten bepalen wie hem moet hebben, hoe een ontheffing eruitziet en waarin hun eigen aangenomen wet van het model afwijkt. De meeste staten eisen hem om daar effectenzaken te doen, maar niet alle, en sommige accepteren in plaats daarvan de Series 66. De effectentoezichthouder van je staat en de registratieafdeling van je firm zijn de enige betrouwbare bron over jouw eigen situatie, en niets op deze pagina is juridisch advies.

Hoe je deze oefentoets gebruikt en hoe je het recht van de staten leert

Dit examen is definitiegedreven op een manier die mensen verrast die van een productexamen als de SIE komen. De meeste vragen worden beslist door de vraag of een persoon of een transactie binnen een gedefinieerde term valt, dus een vuistregel brengt je dichtbij en kost je daarna het punt. De vragen hier zijn geschreven om de definitiegrens zelf te leren: wat iemand tot agent maakt in plaats van broker-dealer, wanneer advies solely incidental is, wat een geschenk in een verkoop verandert, en waarom een vrijstelling van registratie nooit een vrijstelling van de antifraudebepalingen is.

Maak alle 15 in een keer zonder aantekeningen, en lees daarna de uitleg bij elke vraag, ook bij de vragen die je goed had. Behandel elke misser als een onderwerp en niet als een feit. Had je de vraag over de uitsluiting van broker-dealers en de vraag over de exempt transaction fout, dan is dat een signaal en niet twee: je leest over de kwalificerende woorden heen. In die woorden zit dit examen. No place of business in this state, solely incidental, existing customer, isolated, nonissuer, prior written authorization. Streep ze aan terwijl je leest.

Bouw bij het leren uit je voorbereidingsboek twee lijsten en houd ze kort. De ene lijst zijn definities, in je eigen woorden opgeschreven met de uitzonderingen erbij. De andere zijn verboden praktijken, gegroepeerd naar de reden waarom ze verboden zijn: de klant misleiden, jezelf voorop stellen, of handelen zonder bevoegdheid. Bijna elke ethiekvraag op het examen is een van die drie in een nieuw jasje.

Zo bouwt StudyPDF volledige oefenexamens uit je eigen materiaal

Vijftien vragen laten zien welke definities nog vaag zijn. Klaar maken ze je in hun eentje niet, en een algemene vragenbank drijft vaak af van de nadruk van de voorbereidingscursus waar je echt voor betaald hebt.

StudyPDF werkt in plaats daarvan vanuit jouw materiaal. Je uploadt het Series 63-voorbereidingsboek dat je gekocht hebt, de PDF-bundel van je cursusaanbieder, het compliancehandboek van je firm of de aantekeningen die je in een licentiecursus maakte, en Bo, de studie-agent, bouwt uit precies die pagina's volledige oefenexamens. Elke vraag is geworteld in jouw materiaal en elke uitleg noemt waar het antwoord vandaan komt, dus als iets er vreemd uitziet ga je meteen naar de pagina en beslecht je het. Maak zo vaak als je wilt nieuwe examens, richt er een op een enkel gebied zoals exempt transactions of de remedies van de Administrator, en houd bij welke begrippen je blijft missen. Dat telt hier zwaarder dan bij de meeste onderwerpen, want de aangenomen wet van jouw staat komt misschien niet woord voor woord overeen met een landelijk voorbereidingsboek.

Je hoeft niets te uploaden om te beginnen. Ligt je boek als papieren exemplaar op de keukentafel, noem dan gewoon een onderwerp, bijvoorbeeld verboden praktijken of registration by coordination, en Bo schrijft daar een oefenexamen over. Beginnen is gratis.