AP Gov oefentoets: unit 1 tot en met 5
- 15 vragen
- Ongeveer 15 min
- Gratis
De vragen van de test blijven in het Engels.
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison argued that the dangers of factions are best controlled by
Leer je met je eigen aantekeningen? Maak mijn eigen oefentoets
Blijf oefenen
Over deze test
Dit is een gratis AP Gov-proefset van 15 vragen, geschreven door het StudyPDF-team naar de vijf units van de cursus AP U.S. Government and Politics. De vragen gaan over de fundamentele documenten, het Congres, het presidentschap en de rechtbanken, burgerlijke vrijheden en burgerrechten, politieke opvattingen en participatie, met een aantal vragen over de verplichte zaken van het Supreme Court. Je krijgt meerkeuzevragen, selecteer alles wat van toepassing is en invulvragen door elkaar. Beantwoord alle 15 vragen, bekijk daarna je score en lees de uitleg bij elke vraag.
Alle 15 vragen op een rij
Liever eerst lezen? Hieronder staat elke vraag uit deze oefentoets. Antwoorden en uitleg blijven ingeklapt tot je ze opent.
1.In Federalist No. 10, James Madison argued that the dangers of factions are best controlled by
- A. banning political parties and interest groups
- B. keeping government small enough for citizens to vote on every law
- C. a large republic with many competing interests, so that no single faction easily dominates
- D. letting each state decide which groups may organize
Antwoord: C. a large republic with many competing interests, so that no single faction easily dominates
Madison thought factions could not be removed without destroying liberty, so the goal was to control their effects. In a large republic with representatives and many different interests, it is harder for one faction to form a majority and impose its will. A small direct democracy was the model he warned against. Federalist No. 10 is a required foundational document, and it is usually paired with Brutus No. 1.
2.The Anti-Federalist essay Brutus No. 1 warned that the new Constitution would
- A. create a strong national government that would grow distant from the people and absorb the states
- B. give the states too much power to block national policy
- C. allow the president to be elected directly by voters
- D. limit Congress so much that it could not raise an army
Antwoord: A. create a strong national government that would grow distant from the people and absorb the states
Brutus argued that a free republic works best in a small territory where representatives know their voters. He feared that broad national powers, such as taxing and the Necessary and Proper Clause, would swallow the states and leave citizens with no real control. The other choices describe the opposite concern, which is closer to the problems the Federalists saw in the Articles of Confederation.
3.In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that Maryland could not tax the national bank. Which principle supports that ruling?
- A. States have the final say over any bank that operates inside their borders.
- B. The president may create federal agencies without Congress.
- C. The Tenth Amendment forbids Congress from creating any institution not named in the Constitution.
- D. Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause, and federal law is supreme over state action that conflicts with it.
Antwoord: D. Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause, and federal law is supreme over state action that conflicts with it.
The Court said the Constitution lets Congress create a national bank as a means of carrying out its listed powers, even though a bank is not named. A state tax that could destroy the bank would let a state defeat a federal institution, which the Supremacy Clause does not allow. The case is a core example of a broad reading of national power. United States v. Lopez is the usual contrast, because there the Court set a limit on the commerce power.
4.Which of these is a power given only to the Senate?
- A. Beginning impeachment by voting on articles of impeachment
- B. Approving treaties by a two-thirds vote
- C. Starting bills that raise revenue
- D. Overriding a presidential veto
Antwoord: B. Approving treaties by a two-thirds vote
Only the Senate ratifies treaties, with two-thirds of the senators present, and it also confirms major presidential appointments. The House votes on articles of impeachment and starts revenue bills. Overriding a veto takes a two-thirds vote in both chambers, so it is not exclusive to either one. A question that asks for the exclusive powers of each chamber is a common multiple-choice item.
5.A group of senators uses a filibuster to block a vote on a bill. Under Senate rules for legislation, what can end the debate?
- A. A simple majority of the House of Representatives
- B. A presidential order to the Senate
- C. A cloture vote by three-fifths of the Senate, which is 60 senators when all seats are filled
- D. A ruling by the Supreme Court
Antwoord: C. A cloture vote by three-fifths of the Senate, which is 60 senators when all seats are filled
Cloture is the Senate's way of ending debate, and for most legislation it takes three-fifths of the Senate. That is why a bill that has 51 supporters can still stall. The House has its own rules, including a Rules Committee that limits debate, and neither the president nor the courts can end a Senate debate. Be ready to explain how the filibuster makes the Senate different from the House.
6.Which of these are checks that Congress has on the executive branch?
Selecteer alles wat van toepassing is.
- A. Overriding a veto with a two-thirds vote in both houses
- B. Declaring an executive action unconstitutional
- C. Confirming presidential appointments in the Senate
- D. Issuing executive orders
- E. Impeaching a president in the House of Representatives
Antwoord: A. Overriding a veto with a two-thirds vote in both houses, C. Confirming presidential appointments in the Senate, E. Impeaching a president in the House of Representatives
Veto overrides, Senate confirmation and impeachment are all ways Congress limits the president. Declaring an executive action unconstitutional is judicial review, which belongs to the courts. Issuing executive orders is something the president does, not a check on the president. Sorting each power into the branch that holds it is a basic skill for Unit 2.
7.Complete the sentence.
In _____ (1803), the Supreme Court established the power of judicial review, the authority to strike down laws that conflict with the Constitution.
Opties voor invulveld 1: Gideon v. Wainwright, Marbury v. Madison, Brown v. Board of Education, Baker v. Carr
Antwoord: Marbury v. Madison
Chief Justice John Marshall wrote that it is the duty of the courts to say what the law is, and that a law that conflicts with the Constitution cannot stand. The Constitution does not use the words judicial review, so this case is where the power comes from. It is one of the required cases, and it comes up often in questions about the strength of each branch.
8.Students wear black armbands to school to protest a war. The school suspends them, and they sue. Which required case is most relevant?
- A. Tinker v. Des Moines, which protects student speech unless it substantially disrupts school
- B. Schenck v. United States, which allows no speech during wartime
- C. Engel v. Vitale, which bans prayer on school grounds at any time
- D. Wisconsin v. Yoder, which gives students a right to skip school
Antwoord: A. Tinker v. Des Moines, which protects student speech unless it substantially disrupts school
In Tinker the Court held that students do not lose their First Amendment rights at the schoolhouse gate, and that a school needs evidence of a substantial disruption to punish symbolic speech. The other choices misstate their cases. Schenck set a clear and present danger test and did not ban all wartime speech. Engel was about school-sponsored prayer, and Yoder gave a narrow religious exemption to Amish families.
9.Which of these statements about required Supreme Court cases are accurate?
Selecteer alles wat van toepassing is.
- A. Engel v. Vitale held that a prayer written and led by a public school violates the Establishment Clause.
- B. Baker v. Carr held that courts may never hear cases about how legislative districts are drawn.
- C. In New York Times v. United States, the Court refused to block newspapers from publishing the Pentagon Papers.
- D. Wisconsin v. Yoder held that the Free Exercise Clause never protects a religious practice from a state law that requires school attendance.
- E. Schenck v. United States upheld a conviction for speech that created a clear and present danger.
Antwoord: A. Engel v. Vitale held that a prayer written and led by a public school violates the Establishment Clause., C. In New York Times v. United States, the Court refused to block newspapers from publishing the Pentagon Papers., E. Schenck v. United States upheld a conviction for speech that created a clear and present danger.
Engel, New York Times and Schenck are described correctly. Baker v. Carr went the other way: the Court said that unequal districts raise questions courts can hear, which opened the door to the one person, one vote cases. Yoder also went the other way: the Court said that Amish families could not be forced to send their children to school after eighth grade, because that conflicted with their free exercise of religion. Mixing up the direction of a ruling is a common trap.
10.Complete the sentence.
The Bill of Rights first limited only the national government. Through selective incorporation, the Supreme Court has applied most of its protections to the states by using the due process clause of the _____ Amendment.
Opties voor invulveld 1: Tenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth
Antwoord: Fourteenth
The Fourteenth Amendment says that no state may deny any person life, liberty or property without due process of law. Over the twentieth century the Court read most of the Bill of Rights into that clause, one right at a time, in cases such as Gideon v. Wainwright and McDonald v. Chicago. The same amendment also contains the equal protection clause, which is the base of Brown v. Board of Education.
11.Which statements about civil rights in the AP Gov course are accurate?
Selecteer alles wat van toepassing is.
- A. Brown v. Board of Education held that state-required segregation in public schools violates the equal protection clause.
- B. Shaw v. Reno held that a district drawn mainly on race, with a very odd shape, can be challenged under equal protection.
- C. Martin Luther King Jr.'s Letter from Birmingham Jail argues that people have a moral duty to resist unjust laws by violence.
- D. The equal protection clause applies only to the federal government.
- E. The Letter from Birmingham Jail defends nonviolent civil disobedience against unjust laws.
Antwoord: A. Brown v. Board of Education held that state-required segregation in public schools violates the equal protection clause., B. Shaw v. Reno held that a district drawn mainly on race, with a very odd shape, can be challenged under equal protection., E. The Letter from Birmingham Jail defends nonviolent civil disobedience against unjust laws.
Brown and Shaw are described correctly, and the Letter from Birmingham Jail defends nonviolent direct action and open disobedience of unjust laws, with a willingness to accept the penalty. The letter does not call for violence. The equal protection clause is in the Fourteenth Amendment and limits the states, and Brown is the best-known example of that.
12.A news site posts an online poll about a new policy, and only visitors who choose to click can answer. Why can its result not be trusted to describe all adults?
- A. The sample is too large to be accurate.
- B. The poll asks about only one policy.
- C. People who choose to respond may differ from the public, so the sample is not random.
- D. Online polls always have a margin of error of zero.
Antwoord: C. People who choose to respond may differ from the public, so the sample is not random.
When respondents select themselves, people with strong opinions or an interest in the site are more likely to answer, which creates selection bias. A reliable poll draws a random sample so that every member of the population has a chance of being chosen, and then reports a margin of error. A bigger sample does not fix a biased one.
13.Citizens United v. FEC (2010) held that
- A. corporations may not take part in elections in any form
- B. the government may not ban independent political spending by corporations and unions, which is protected speech
- C. candidates must accept public funds to run for office
- D. political parties may not raise money from individuals
Antwoord: B. the government may not ban independent political spending by corporations and unions, which is protected speech
The Court ruled that independent expenditures, meaning spending not coordinated with a candidate, are protected by the First Amendment even when a corporation or union makes them. The ruling led to super PACs. It did not remove limits on direct contributions to candidates, and it is a core example of the debate over money and speech in Unit 5.
14.Which feature of the American electoral system is most often cited as a reason that third parties rarely win elections?
- A. The use of proportional representation in congressional elections
- B. A ban on candidates who do not belong to a party
- C. Free public funding for the two largest parties only
- D. Single-member districts where the candidate with the most votes wins
Antwoord: D. Single-member districts where the candidate with the most votes wins
In a winner-take-all system with one seat per district, a candidate who finishes second or third gets nothing, so voters tend to avoid a candidate who looks unlikely to win. This tends to produce two major parties. Proportional representation, which gives parties seats by their share of the vote, helps small parties, but it is not used for Congress. Ballot access rules and campaign funding also matter, though they are not the first reason given.
15.Complete the sentence.
Ratified in 1971, the _____ Amendment lowered the national voting age to 18.
Opties voor invulveld 1: Fifteenth, Nineteenth, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-sixth
Antwoord: Twenty-sixth
The Twenty-sixth Amendment came during the Vietnam War, when many people argued that those old enough to be drafted were old enough to vote. The Fifteenth barred denying the vote on account of race, the Nineteenth gave women the vote, and the Twenty-fourth banned poll taxes in federal elections. Each voting amendment extended the electorate to a different group.
Hoe het AP Gov-examen eruitziet en hoe de units wegen
Het AP U.S. Government and Politics-examen is volledig digitaal en wordt in de Bluebook-app gemaakt. Toen deze pagina voor het laatst werd gecontroleerd, in oktober 2026, noemde het College Board voor 2027 als examendatum dinsdag 4 mei, in Session 1. Deel I bestaat uit 55 meerkeuzevragen in 1 uur en 20 minuten en telt voor 50 procent van de score. Deel II bestaat uit 4 open vragen in 1 uur en 40 minuten en telt voor de andere 50 procent: een concept application, een quantitative analysis, een SCOTUS-vergelijking en een betoog.
Het meerkeuzedeel is per unit gewogen. Unit 1, Foundations of American Democracy, is 15 tot 22 procent. Unit 2, Interactions Among Branches of Government, is de grootste met 25 tot 36 procent. Unit 3, Civil Liberties and Civil Rights, is 13 tot 18 procent. Unit 4, American Political Ideologies and Beliefs, is de kleinste met 10 tot 15 procent. Unit 5, Political Participation, is 20 tot 27 procent. Deze proefset raakt alle vijf units, dus gebruik de gewichten om te bepalen waar je extra herhaaltijd in steekt.
De cursus heeft ook een vaste leeslijst. Het College Board heeft voor 2026-27 vier verplichte fundamentele documenten toegevoegd: de Emancipation Proclamation, Federalist No. 39, de Gettysburg Address en kernprincipes uit The Wealth of Nations van Adam Smith. Ze komen naast de oudere verplichte documenten en de verplichte zaken van het Supreme Court, waarop de open vragen en veel meerkeuzesets voortbouwen. Kijk op AP Central voor de actuele lijst voordat je op een samenvattingsboek vertrouwt.
Hoe je deze proefset gebruikt en wat je eerst herhaalt
Maak alle 15 vragen in een keer zonder aantekeningen en lees daarna elke uitleg, ook bij de vragen die je goed had. Behandel elke fout als een onderwerp, niet als een los feit. Had je de Tinker-vraag en de Engel-vraag fout, dan is het onderwerp hoe het Supreme Court het First Amendment toepast, en dat is ook wat de SCOTUS-vergelijking van je vraagt.
Bij AP Gov scoor je door een zaak of een document toe te passen op een situatie die je nog niet kent. Zorg dat je bij elke verplichte zaak de feiten in een zin kunt zeggen, de uitspraak in een zin en de grondwetsclausule waarop die rust. Zorg dat je bij elk fundamenteel document kunt zeggen wie het schreef, wat het betoogt en op welk ander document het antwoord geeft. Federalist No. 10 en Brutus No. 1 vormen een standaardpaar, omdat ze het oneens zijn over de vraag of een grote republiek de vrijheid beschermt of bedreigt.
Als een vraag je een grafiek, een tabel of een peiling geeft, lees dan de titel en de labels voor je naar de keuzes kijkt. Zeg daarna de trend in een zin. Veel foute antwoorden beschrijven iets wat over politiek waar is maar wat de data niet laten zien. Gebruik de officiële open vragen op AP Central om onder tijdsdruk te schrijven, want een meerkeuzeproefset kan dat niet oefenen.
Zo bouwt StudyPDF AP Gov-oefentoetsen uit je eigen aantekeningen
Vijftien vragen kunnen laten zien welke units wankelen. Klaar voor het examen maken ze je niet, en een algemene vragenbank sluit zelden aan bij de zaken en documenten die jouw docent benadrukte.
StudyPDF werkt juist vanuit jouw materiaal. Upload je hoofdstukken uit het leerboek, de slides van je docent, je herhalingsbundel of foto's van je aantekeningen, tik op Nieuw materiaal, en StudyPDF bouwt oefentoetsen uit precies die pagina's. Elke vraag is gebaseerd op jouw materiaal en elke uitleg noemt waar het antwoord vandaan komt, dus je gaat meteen terug naar de pagina.
Je hoeft niets te uploaden om te beginnen. Noem een onderwerp, bijvoorbeeld de verplichte zaken van het Supreme Court of Unit 2, en Bo zet het klaar met de belangrijkste begrippen, zodat je er quizzen en flashcards over kunt maken. Je resultaten houden bij welke begrippen je blijft missen, zodat de volgende oefentoets daarop kan mikken. Beginnen is gratis, en met het gratis abonnement maak je ongeveer vier materialen per week.
Geschreven door het StudyPDF-team. Laatst bijgewerkt op 19 augustus 2026.
Goed om te weten
Is deze AP Gov oefentoets gratis?
Ja. Alle 15 vragen, het scorescherm en elke uitleg zijn gratis te spelen in je browser. Op deze pagina zit geen betaalmuur.
Zijn dit echte AP Gov-examenvragen?
Nee. Het StudyPDF-team heeft elke vraag en elke uitleg geschreven naar de gepubliceerde cursusunits, de fundamentele documenten en de verplichte zaken van het Supreme Court. Geen enkele komt uit een vrijgegeven examen, de vragenbank van een aanbieder of onthouden examenvragen. StudyPDF heeft geen band met het College Board, en AP en Advanced Placement zijn merken van het College Board. Het College Board steunt deze pagina niet.
Oefent deze proefset ook de open vragen?
Nee. Hij oefent de meerkeuzekant, plus selecteer alles wat van toepassing is en invulvragen. Het open-vragendeel heeft vier opdrachten: een concept application, een quantitative analysis, een SCOTUS-vergelijking en een betoog. Oefen die met de vrijgegeven vragen en beoordelingsrichtlijnen op AP Central, onder tijdsdruk.
Kan ik AP Gov-vragen krijgen die uit mijn eigen aantekeningen zijn gebouwd?
Ja. Upload je hoofdstukken uit het leerboek, slides of herhalingsbundel naar StudyPDF en Bo bouwt oefentoetsen uit precies die pagina's, met uitleg die aangeeft waar elk antwoord vandaan komt. Heb je niets om te uploaden, noem dan een onderwerp, bijvoorbeeld de verplichte zaken van het Supreme Court of Unit 2.
Meer nodig dan een korte oefentoets?
Upload je eigen leerboek, slides of aantekeningen en Bo bouwt volledige oefentoetsen uit precies jouw materiaal, houdt bij welke begrippen je blijft missen en richt zich op je zwakke plekken. Gratis om te beginnen.