Test próbny: ubezpieczenia majątkowe (USA)

• A. Named perils on both the dwelling and the personal property
• B. Open perils on the dwelling and named perils on the personal property
• C. Open perils on the personal property and named perils on the dwelling
• D. Open perils on both the dwelling and the personal property

Odpowiedź: B. Open perils on the dwelling and named perils on the personal property

The HO-3 special form insures the dwelling and other structures against all risks of direct physical loss unless the policy excludes them, which is open perils. Personal property is covered only against the perils the form lists, such as fire, theft and windstorm, which is named perils. The HO-5 form is the one that extends open perils to the contents as well. Open perils is not the same as covering everything, because exclusions such as flood, earth movement and wear and tear still apply.

• A. HO-2
• B. HO-4
• C. HO-8
• D. HO-6

Odpowiedź: D. HO-6

HO-6 is the unit-owners form. It covers the owner's personal property, the interior finishes and fixtures the owner is responsible for, and personal liability, and it works alongside the master policy the condominium association carries on the building. HO-4 is the tenants form, which insures contents and liability for a renter who owns no structure. HO-2 is a named perils form for a house, and HO-8 is a modified form for older homes where the cost to rebuild exceeds the market value. Which structures count as the owner's responsibility depends on the association's bylaws.

• A. 50 percent
• B. 70 percent
• C. 80 percent
• D. 100 percent

Odpowiedź: C. 80 percent

The standard homeowners replacement cost condition asks for insurance to at least 80 percent of the dwelling's replacement cost. Carry that much or more and a partial loss is paid at replacement cost without deduction for depreciation, up to the limit. Carry less and the insurer pays the greater of the actual cash value or a proportion of the loss, namely the amount carried divided by the amount required. The share is set by the policy form, so read the condition in the policy you are quoted.

• A. Part A, liability coverage
• B. Part B, medical payments coverage
• C. Part C, uninsured motorists coverage
• D. Part D, coverage for damage to your auto

Odpowiedź: A. Part A, liability coverage

Part A is liability. It pays what the insured is legally obligated to pay for bodily injury or property damage caused by an accident, up to the limit, and it also provides a defense, with defense costs paid in addition to the limit. Part B pays reasonable medical expenses for covered persons in an accident regardless of fault. Part C protects the insured when an at-fault driver has no insurance, and many states add underinsured motorists coverage. Part D pays for damage to the insured's own car through collision or other than collision coverage. Required liability limits and the fault system are set by each state.

• A. $50,000 property damage, $100,000 per accident, $25,000 medical payments
• B. $50,000 bodily injury per person, $100,000 bodily injury per accident, $25,000 property damage per accident
• C. $50,000 per accident, $100,000 per year, $25,000 per claim
• D. $50,000 bodily injury per accident, $100,000 per person, $25,000 deductible

Odpowiedź: B. $50,000 bodily injury per person, $100,000 bodily injury per accident, $25,000 property damage per accident

Split limits read in order: bodily injury each person, bodily injury each accident, and property damage each accident. The first number is the most the policy pays to any one injured person, the second is the most it pays for all injuries in one accident, and the third is the property damage cap. A single limit policy has one combined number for all three. Higher limits cost more, though not proportionally, and your state sets the minimum limits drivers must carry.

• A. Subrogation
• B. Utmost good faith
• C. Indemnity
• D. Insurable interest

Odpowiedź: C. Indemnity

Indemnity limits recovery to the actual financial loss, which is why a policy pays actual cash value, replacement cost less depreciation, unless the owner bought replacement cost coverage, and why other insurance clauses prevent anyone from collecting twice for one loss. Subrogation is the insurer's right to recover what it paid from the party who caused the loss. Utmost good faith requires honest disclosure in the application. Insurable interest means the insured stands to suffer a financial loss, and in property insurance it must exist at the time of the loss.

• A. Subrogation
• B. Contribution
• C. Reinstatement
• D. Salvage

Odpowiedź: A. Subrogation

Subrogation transfers the insured's right to recover from a responsible third party to the insurer that paid the claim. A policy typically requires the insured to do nothing that harms those rights, such as signing a release that gives up the claim, once the loss has happened. Contribution is how two insurers covering the same loss share it. Salvage is the insurer's right to take over damaged property it has paid for, and reinstatement is about restoring a lapsed contract or a reduced limit.

• A. Any claim reported during the policy period, whenever the injury happened
• B. A claim for an injury that began before the policy was bought
• C. A claim for a business owner's own property damage
• D. A claim for injury that happened during the policy period, even if the suit comes later

Odpowiedź: D. A claim for injury that happened during the policy period, even if the suit comes later

An occurrence form triggers on when the bodily injury or property damage happens, not on when the claim is made, so a claim filed years later is still answered by the policy that was in force at the time. A claims-made form triggers on when the claim is first reported, and it usually has a retroactive date, so the insured needs continuous coverage or an extended reporting period. Commercial general liability covers third party injury and damage. A business owners policy packages that liability with property and income coverage for smaller businesses.

• A. Yes, if the flood damages the dwelling
• B. No, flood is generally excluded and needs a separate flood policy, which can have a waiting period before it takes effect
• C. Yes, but only for personal property
• D. No, and flood insurance cannot be bought at all

Odpowiedź: B. No, flood is generally excluded and needs a separate flood policy, which can have a waiting period before it takes effect

Flood, along with earth movement, is a standard exclusion from a homeowners form. Flood coverage is bought separately, either through the federal National Flood Insurance Program or from private insurers. A new policy generally has a waiting period before coverage starts, commonly 30 days, so it cannot be bought as the storm arrives. Whether a lender requires flood insurance depends on the property's flood zone and the loan. A producer must tell the client what the policy excludes, and that includes this exclusion.

Zaznacz wszystkie pasujące odpowiedzi.

• A. A duty of care owed and a breach of that duty
• B. Intent to cause harm
• C. Actual damages
• D. A causal link between the breach and the damages
• E. A written agreement between the parties

Odpowiedź: A. A duty of care owed and a breach of that duty, C. Actual damages, D. A causal link between the breach and the damages

Negligence needs four things: a duty of care, a breach of that duty, damages and proximate cause, which links the breach to the harm. Intent is the mark of an intentional act, and the liability section of most policies excludes intentional harm. Negligence needs no written agreement, since the duty comes from the law, not from a contract. Liability insurance pays damages the insured is legally obligated to pay because of negligence, up to the limit, and gives a defense.

Zaznacz wszystkie pasujące odpowiedzi.

• A. Extra living costs while the home cannot be lived in after a covered loss
• B. Fair rental value of a part of the home the owner rents to others
• C. The cost to repair the dwelling itself
• D. The cost of a replacement laptop used for the owner's business
• E. Costs when a civil authority bars access because of covered damage next door

Odpowiedź: A. Extra living costs while the home cannot be lived in after a covered loss, B. Fair rental value of a part of the home the owner rents to others, E. Costs when a civil authority bars access because of covered damage next door

Coverage D pays additional living expense, meaning the increase over normal costs such as a hotel or a short-term rental, while the home is unfit to live in because of a covered loss. It also pays fair rental value for a rented part of the home and, for a short period, loss caused when a civil authority prohibits use after covered damage to a neighbor's premises. Repairing the dwelling is Coverage A. Business property carries limits in the standard form and usually needs a separate business policy or endorsement. A common default limit for Coverage D is 30 percent of Coverage A.

Zaznacz wszystkie pasujące odpowiedzi.

• A. Part B medical payments applies to covered persons regardless of who was at fault
• B. Part C responds when an at-fault driver has no insurance
• C. Part A pays to repair the insured's own car
• D. Collision coverage under Part D applies whether or not the insured was at fault, after the deductible
• E. Liability coverage pays for harm the insured causes on purpose

Odpowiedź: A. Part B medical payments applies to covered persons regardless of who was at fault, B. Part C responds when an at-fault driver has no insurance, D. Collision coverage under Part D applies whether or not the insured was at fault, after the deductible

Medical payments and collision are first party coverages, so fault does not decide whether they respond, and collision applies a deductible. Uninsured motorists coverage under Part C is there for the insured when the responsible driver carries no insurance, and underinsured coverage extends that where the at-fault driver's limits are too low. Part A is third party liability and does not pay for the insured's own car. Intentional acts are excluded from liability because insurance covers fortuitous loss, meaning loss that is accidental from the insured's point of view.

A building is worth $400,000 and the policy carries an 80 percent coinsurance clause. The owner insured it for $240,000. After a $60,000 loss, with a $1,000 deductible, the insurer pays _____, applying the coinsurance ratio to the loss before the deductible is subtracted.

Opcje do luki 1: $44,000, $45,000, $48,000, $59,000

Odpowiedź: $44,000

Eighty percent of $400,000 is the $320,000 the owner needed to carry. The owner carried $240,000, so the ratio is $240,000 over $320,000, which is 0.75. Seventy-five percent of the $60,000 loss is $45,000, and the deductible comes off after that, leaving $44,000. The owner bears the remaining share of the loss as a penalty for underinsuring. Had the owner carried $320,000 or more, the $60,000 loss would have been paid in full less the deductible. The order matters: the standard commercial property coinsurance condition applies the ratio to the loss first and then subtracts the deductible.

A driver with 50/100/25 liability limits causes an accident that injures three people, each with $40,000 of damages, and destroys property worth $30,000. The policy pays _____ for bodily injury and _____ for property damage.

Opcje do luki 1: $120,000, $100,000, $50,000, $150,000

Opcje do luki 2: $30,000, $50,000, $15,000, $25,000

Odpowiedź: $100,000, $25,000

Each person's $40,000 is under the $50,000 per person limit, but the three claims together are $120,000, which is above the $100,000 per accident bodily injury limit, so the policy pays $100,000. The property damage claim of $30,000 exceeds the $25,000 limit, so the policy pays $25,000. The insured is personally responsible for the rest, which is why higher limits matter, and why an umbrella policy sits above the auto and homeowners limits. Defense costs are paid in addition to these limits.

A standard HO-3 policy has $300,000 of Coverage A on the dwelling. The common default limit for Coverage B, other structures, is 10 percent of Coverage A, or _____, and for Coverage C, personal property, 50 percent of Coverage A, or _____.

Opcje do luki 1: $3,000, $30,000, $60,000, $90,000

Opcje do luki 2: $75,000, $100,000, $150,000, $200,000

Odpowiedź: $30,000, $150,000

Coverage B insures detached structures such as a garage or fence, set at 10 percent of Coverage A, which is $30,000 here. Coverage C insures belongings, set at 50 percent of Coverage A, which is $150,000. Coverage D, loss of use, usually defaults to 30 percent of Coverage A. Because the other limits are percentages of the dwelling, raising Coverage A raises them too, and many policies let the owner buy more. These defaults come from the standard forms, so confirm them in the actual policy.