AP Psychology-øveprøve
Testens spørgsmål er på engelsk.
Det her er en gratis smagsprøve på 15 spørgsmål i stil med AP Psychology-eksamen. Den dækker adfærdens biologiske grundlag, sansning og perception, læring, hukommelse, udvikling, motivation og følelser, personlighed, psykiske lidelser, socialpsykologi og forskningsmetode, og den blander multiple choice, vælg alle der passer og udfyld det tomme felt. Svar på alle 15 spørgsmål, se så din score og læs forklaringen til hvert spørgsmål.
Which neurotransmitter is most directly linked to the loss of motor control in Parkinson's disease?
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Alle 15 spørgsmål i overblik
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1. Which neurotransmitter is most directly linked to the loss of motor control in Parkinson's disease?
- A. Serotonin
- B. Dopamine
- C. GABA
- D. Acetylcholine
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Svar: B. Dopamine
Parkinson's disease follows the death of dopamine-producing neurons in a midbrain area called the substantia nigra, which is why tremor and slowed movement are the first signs. Dopamine also carries reward and motivation signals, so it turns up again in the units on motivation and on addiction.
2. Damage to the hippocampus would most likely impair:
- A. Forming new long-term memories
- B. Regulating body temperature and hunger
- C. Coordinating balance and fine motor movement
- D. Producing fluent speech
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Svar: A. Forming new long-term memories
The hippocampus consolidates new explicit memories so they can be stored long term, which is why a patient with hippocampal damage can describe their childhood in detail but cannot remember what happened this morning. The other three jobs belong elsewhere: the hypothalamus handles hunger and temperature, the cerebellum handles balance and coordination, and Broca's area handles speech production.
3. Complete the sentence.
The fatty layer that wraps many axons and speeds up the neural impulse is called the _____.
Muligheder for felt 1: dendrite, myelin sheath, synaptic vesicle, terminal button
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Svar: myelin sheath
Myelin insulates the axon so the impulse jumps from gap to gap instead of crawling along the whole length, which makes conduction far faster. When myelin breaks down, as it does in multiple sclerosis, the signal slows or misfires and movement and sensation suffer.
4. Which receptor cells in the retina give you color vision and fine detail in bright light?
- A. Rods
- B. Cones
- C. Bipolar cells
- D. Ganglion cells
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Svar: B. Cones
Cones are packed most densely in the fovea at the center of the retina and they need good light to fire, so they carry color and sharp detail during the day. Rods greatly outnumber them and handle dim light and peripheral vision, but they do not code color, which is why colors drain away at night.
5. In Pavlov's classic study, a tone was paired with meat powder until the tone alone made the dog salivate. Which statements about that study are correct?
Vælg alle, der passer.
- A. The meat powder was the unconditioned stimulus
- B. Salivation to the tone alone was the conditioned response
- C. Before conditioning, the tone was a neutral stimulus
- D. The meat powder was the conditioned stimulus
- E. Salivation to the meat powder was the conditioned response
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Svar: A. The meat powder was the unconditioned stimulus, B. Salivation to the tone alone was the conditioned response, C. Before conditioning, the tone was a neutral stimulus
Before conditioning the tone means nothing to the dog, so it is the neutral stimulus, while the meat powder is the unconditioned stimulus because it produces salivation with no learning at all. After the pairing the tone becomes the conditioned stimulus and salivation to the tone alone is the conditioned response.
6. A student takes an aspirin, the headache goes away, and the student now reaches for aspirin as soon as a headache starts. This is an example of:
- A. Positive reinforcement
- B. Negative reinforcement
- C. Positive punishment
- D. Negative punishment
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Svar: B. Negative reinforcement
Reinforcement always makes a behavior more likely, and negative means something unpleasant was taken away, here the pain. Punishment would make the behavior less likely, so neither punishment option can fit a behavior that is now happening more often.
7. Complete the sentence.
A slot machine pays out after an unpredictable number of pulls, which makes it a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
Muligheder for felt 1: fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, variable-interval
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Svar: variable-ratio
Ratio schedules count responses and interval schedules count time, and variable means the requirement changes from one payout to the next. Skinner found that variable-ratio produces the highest and steadiest response rate and resists extinction the longest, which is exactly why gambling is so hard to stop.
8. Remembering the digits 1 4 9 2 1 7 7 6 as the two dates 1492 and 1776 is an example of:
- A. Chunking
- B. Priming
- C. The spacing effect
- D. Proactive interference
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Svar: A. Chunking
Chunking groups separate items into larger meaningful units, so eight loose digits take up two slots in working memory instead of eight. Working memory holds only about seven items at once, so the gain does not come from more storage, it comes from packaging the items with knowledge you already hold in long-term memory.
9. A child sees water poured from a short wide glass into a tall thin glass and says the amount of water has not changed. According to Piaget, the child has reached the:
- A. Sensorimotor stage
- B. Preoperational stage
- C. Concrete operational stage
- D. Formal operational stage
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Svar: C. Concrete operational stage
Conservation, the understanding that quantity stays the same when shape changes, marks Piaget's concrete operational stage, roughly ages 7 to 11. A preoperational child centers on one feature, usually height, and insists the tall thin glass now holds more water.
10. In Ainsworth's Strange Situation, which behaviors describe a securely attached infant?
Vælg alle, der passer.
- A. Uses the caregiver as a base and explores the room freely
- B. Shows distress when the caregiver leaves
- C. Is comforted quickly on reunion and goes back to playing
- D. Ignores the caregiver on return and keeps playing alone
- E. Seeks contact and pushes the caregiver away at the same time
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Svar: A. Uses the caregiver as a base and explores the room freely, B. Shows distress when the caregiver leaves, C. Is comforted quickly on reunion and goes back to playing
Secure attachment shows up as a balance: the infant explores while the caregiver is present, protests the separation, and settles quickly once the caregiver is back. Avoidant infants show little reaction in either direction, and resistant infants want contact and resist it at the same moment.
11. Which theory of emotion says the physical arousal and the felt emotion occur at the same time, triggered together by the thalamus?
- A. James-Lange theory
- B. Cannon-Bard theory
- C. Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
- D. The Yerkes-Dodson law
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Svar: B. Cannon-Bard theory
Cannon-Bard holds that the thalamus signals the cortex and the body at the same moment, so the racing heart and the feeling of fear arrive together rather than one causing the other. James-Lange puts the body first, saying you feel afraid because you notice yourself trembling, and Schachter-Singer says arousal needs a cognitive label before it becomes a specific emotion.
12. In the Big Five model of personality, which trait describes how organized, disciplined and goal-directed a person is?
- A. Openness to experience
- B. Conscientiousness
- C. Extraversion
- D. Agreeableness
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Svar: B. Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness covers planning, self-discipline and follow-through, and it is the Big Five trait that best predicts performance at school and at work. The full set is openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, usually remembered with the letters OCEAN.
13. Complete the sentence.
A person cannot stop thinking about germs and washes their hands dozens of times a day to bring the anxiety down. This pattern fits _____.
Muligheder for felt 1: generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, a specific phobia
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Svar: obsessive-compulsive disorder
The unwanted repeating thoughts are the obsessions and the repeated washing is the compulsion, a ritual carried out to lower the distress the thought creates. Generalized anxiety disorder is broad worry with no ritual attached, and panic disorder centers on sudden attacks of intense physical fear.
14. Which of these statements about classic social psychology findings are correct?
Vælg alle, der passer.
- A. In Milgram's obedience study, a majority of participants continued to the highest shock level when an authority figure kept telling them to go on
- B. In Asch's line studies, many participants gave an answer they could see was wrong in order to match the group
- C. The bystander effect says a person becomes less likely to help as the number of other bystanders grows
- D. The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overweight the situation and underweight personality when judging someone else
- E. Groupthink improves a group's decisions by pushing it to consider more options
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Svar: A. In Milgram's obedience study, a majority of participants continued to the highest shock level when an authority figure kept telling them to go on, B. In Asch's line studies, many participants gave an answer they could see was wrong in order to match the group, C. The bystander effect says a person becomes less likely to help as the number of other bystanders grows
Milgram and Asch both showed that ordinary people bend to an authority or to a group far more than they predict they would, and Darley and Latane showed that responsibility gets diluted as more onlookers watch. The last two statements are reversals: the fundamental attribution error means overweighting personality and underweighting the situation, and groupthink makes decisions worse by suppressing dissent.
15. A researcher tests whether a new study app raises quiz scores. Students are randomly assigned either to use the app or to study as usual, and both groups then take the same quiz. What is the dependent variable?
- A. Whether a student used the app
- B. The score on the quiz
- C. The random assignment to groups
- D. The number of students in each group
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Svar: B. The score on the quiz
The dependent variable is the outcome the researcher measures, here the quiz score, while the independent variable is what the researcher manipulates, here app or no app. Random assignment is neither variable: it is the procedure that spreads pre-existing differences evenly across the groups so the two start out comparable.
Hvad AP Psychology-eksamen indeholder
AP Psychology-eksamen scores fra 1 til 5 og varer lidt over to en halv time. Siden College Board byggede kurset om til skoleåret 2024-25 består Section I af 75 multiple choice-spørgsmål på 90 minutter og tæller for to tredjedele af scoren, og Section II består af to free-response-spørgsmål på 70 minutter og tæller for den sidste tredjedel. De to free-response-spørgsmål har navne, der er værd at kende. Article Analysis Question giver dig en kort beskrivelse af et studie og beder dig navngive forskningsmetoden, arbejde med variablerne og sige, hvad resultaterne understøtter og ikke understøtter. Evidence-Based Question giver dig to kilder og beder dig argumentere for en position ved hjælp af dem begge.
Kurset er organiseret i fem units, og hver enkelt vægtes med 15 til 25 procent af eksamen, så ingen enkelt unit afgør din score. De er adfærdens biologiske grundlag, kognition, udvikling og læring, socialpsykologi og personlighed, og psykisk og fysisk sundhed. I praksis betyder det, at du ikke kan springe en unit over og hente det ind et andet sted, og det betyder også, at eksamen belønner bred dækning frem for dyb beherskelse af ét yndlingsemne.
To ting varierer og er værd selv at tjekke frem for at stole på et forumopslag. College Board reviderer Course and Exam Description, så få bekræftet de aktuelle antal spørgsmål og tider dér i stedet for i en gammel repetitionsbog. Og den score, et college accepterer for merit, fastsættes af det pågældende college, ikke af College Board: mange tager et 3-tal, en del kræver 4 eller 5, og nogle giver slet ingen merit for AP Psychology. Slå politikken op på de skoler, du faktisk går op i, før du beslutter, hvor hårdt du vil gå efter et 5-tal.
Sådan bruger du smagsprøven
De 15 spørgsmål spreder sig over det samme stof, som kurset dækker: neuroner og hjernestrukturer, sansning og perception, klassisk og operant betingning, hukommelse, udvikling, følelser, personlighed, psykiske lidelser, socialpsykologi og forskningsmetode. Én forskel er værd at nævne. Den rigtige eksamens multiple choice beder om ét svar per spørgsmål, mens denne smagsprøve også bruger vælg alle der passer og udfyld det tomme felt. De formater er her med vilje, fordi de får dig til at genkalde begrebet i stedet for at genkende det i en liste, og det er et sværere og mere nyttigt tjek.
Tag den i ét stræk uden noter, med cirka et minut per spørgsmål, og læs så forklaringen til hvert spørgsmål, også dem du svarede rigtigt på. Et forkert svar peger på en unit, ikke bare på ét faktum. Hvis du missede spørgsmålet om forstærkningsskemaer og spørgsmålet om negativ forstærkning, så repeter operant betingning som helhed i stedet for at lære de to svar udenad.
Intet her træner free-response-delen, som er en tredjedel af din score. Læs op til den på en anden måde: læs en kort sammenfatning af et studie, sig metoden og variablerne højt, og skriv så en påstand og underbyg den med konkret evidens fra teksten. Fagbegreber og forskernavne bærer dig gennem multiple choice, men free response beder dig anvende et begreb på et scenarie, du aldrig har set før, og det er en færdighed for sig.
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Du behøver ikke uploade noget for at komme i gang. Du kan også bare nævne et emne, skriv for eksempel operant betingning eller AP Psychology unit 4, så bygger Bo et sæt ud fra det. Det er den hurtigste vej, når dine noter er tynde, når lærebogen stadig ligger i skabet, eller når du bare vil have en hurtig runde om én idé. Gratis at komme i gang.
Skrevet af StudyPDF-teamet. Sidst opdateret 2026-08-19.