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1. 1. Which suffix means the surgical creation of an artificial opening?

   • A. -otomy
   • B. -ectomy
   • C. -ostomy
   • D. -plasty
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   Svar: C. -ostomy

   These four suffixes look alike and get confused constantly, so learn them as a set. A cut into something is -otomy, removal is -ectomy, a new opening to the surface is -ostomy, and surgical repair or reshaping is -plasty. Compare colostomy, an opening from the colon to the abdominal wall, with colectomy, removal of part of the colon.

2. 2. A medical assistant is recording a resting 12 lead EKG and the tracing shows a fuzzy, unsteady baseline. Which step is most likely to clean it up?

   • A. Record the tracing at a faster paper speed
   • B. Have the patient lie still with the arms relaxed at their sides and the legs uncrossed
   • C. Apply the electrodes over the patient's shirt sleeves
   • D. Move the chest electrodes closer together
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   Svar: B. Have the patient lie still with the arms relaxed at their sides and the legs uncrossed

   A noisy baseline is usually artifact, meaning electrical activity that did not come from the heart. Muscle tension, shivering, talking and movement are the common sources, along with electrodes that are dried out or poorly stuck down. Electrodes have to sit on clean skin, never over clothing. Changing the paper speed or moving the chest electrodes does not remove noise, it changes the recording, and misplaced chest electrodes can make a normal heart look abnormal.

3. 3. Complete the sentence.

   The combining form hepat/o refers to the _____, and NPO written in a patient's chart means the patient should have _____.

   Alternativer for luke 1: stomach, kidney, liver, pancreas

   Alternativer for luke 2: nothing by mouth, no pain medication, no visitors, no activity restrictions

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   Svar: liver, nothing by mouth

   Word parts do most of the work in medical terminology. Hepat/o is the liver, which gives you hepatitis, inflammation of the liver, and hepatomegaly, an enlarged liver. NPO comes from the Latin nil per os, nothing by mouth, and it usually appears before a procedure or a fasting lab draw. Abbreviation lists vary by facility, and some abbreviations sit on do not use lists because they are easy to misread, so check the order with the provider when anything is unclear.

4. 4. Where is the apical pulse taken?

   • A. At the thumb side of the wrist
   • B. Just below the angle of the jaw
   • C. In the bend of the elbow
   • D. At the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line
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   Svar: D. At the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line

   The apical pulse is heard with a stethoscope over the apex of the heart, which sits low and to the left. It is counted for a full minute and it is the reading to use when the radial pulse is weak or irregular, or in infants, because it counts what the heart actually does rather than what reaches the wrist. The other sites are the radial pulse at the wrist, the carotid at the neck and the brachial in the bend of the elbow, which is the one a blood pressure cuff listens over.

5. 5. Which of the following can make a blood pressure reading come out higher than the patient's true pressure?

   Velg alle som passer.

   • A. A cuff that is too small for the patient's arm
   • B. Supporting the arm at the level of the heart
   • C. Letting the arm hang below the level of the heart
   • D. The patient talking during the measurement
   • E. Letting the patient sit quietly for a few minutes first
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   Svar: A. A cuff that is too small for the patient's arm, C. Letting the arm hang below the level of the heart, D. The patient talking during the measurement

   Technique changes the number, which is why so many exam questions live here. A cuff that is too narrow needs more pressure to squeeze the artery shut, so it reads high. An arm below heart level adds the weight of the blood column above it, so it reads high too. Talking, crossed legs and a full bladder all push the reading up. Supporting the arm at heart level and giving the patient a quiet few minutes first are correct technique, not error. If a reading is unexpectedly high, fix the technique and repeat before it goes in the chart.

6. 6. A patient is lying on the back with the head of the exam table raised to about 45 degrees. This is:

   • A. Semi-Fowler's position
   • B. Supine position
   • C. Sims position
   • D. Lithotomy position
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   Svar: A. Semi-Fowler's position

   The Fowler family is named by how far the backrest is raised. Low Fowler's is a slight incline, semi-Fowler's is roughly halfway up, and high Fowler's is close to sitting straight. Raising the head makes breathing easier and gives access to the head, neck and chest, which is why it is used so often for patients who are short of breath. Supine is flat on the back, Sims is on the left side, and lithotomy is on the back with the feet in stirrups.

7. 7. Complete the sentence.

   A patient lying on the left side, with the left arm behind the back and the right knee drawn up toward the chest, is in the _____ position.

   Alternativer for luke 1: prone, Sims, Trendelenburg, dorsal recumbent

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   Svar: Sims

   Sims is a left side lying position used for rectal exams, enemas and some vaginal exams. The left side is chosen because of where the sigmoid colon sits, and drawing the upper knee up opens the area for access. Prone is face down, Trendelenburg is flat with the feet raised above the head, and dorsal recumbent is on the back with the knees bent and the feet flat on the table. Whatever the position, drape the patient and only expose the area being examined.

8. 8. Which method destroys all microorganisms, including bacterial spores?

   • A. Sanitization with soap and water
   • B. Wiping the surface with an intermediate level disinfectant
   • C. Steam under pressure in an autoclave
   • D. Soaking the item in 70 percent alcohol
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   Svar: C. Steam under pressure in an autoclave

   Infection control runs on three levels and exams test the difference. Sanitization removes visible soil and lowers the number of organisms. Disinfection kills most pathogens on a surface but does not reliably kill spores. Sterilization destroys everything, spores included, and steam under pressure in an autoclave is the usual way a clinic does it. Instruments have to be cleaned before they go in, because dried blood and tissue shield the microbes underneath from the steam, and every load is checked with an indicator so you know the conditions were actually reached.

9. 9. Which actions break sterile technique while a medical assistant is setting up a sterile field?

   Velg alle som passer.

   • A. Holding sterile items above waist level and in front of you
   • B. Reaching across the field to place an instrument on the far side
   • C. Opening the flap farthest from you first, away from your body
   • D. Turning your back on the field to answer the door
   • E. Keeping the field within your view the whole time
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   Svar: B. Reaching across the field to place an instrument on the far side, D. Turning your back on the field to answer the door

   A sterile field stays sterile only while you can see it and while nothing unsterile passes over it. Reaching across drops skin cells and lint onto what is underneath, and turning your back means you can no longer say what happened to it, so it is treated as contaminated either way. The outer border of the drape and anything below waist level are also treated as contaminated. The other three choices are the correct habits: hold sterile items in front of you above the waist, open the far flap first so your arm never crosses the contents, and keep the field in view.

10. 10. An intradermal injection is given:

    • A. At a 90 degree angle into muscle
    • B. Almost flat against the skin, bevel up, raising a small wheal
    • C. At a 45 degree angle into the fatty layer under the skin
    • D. Directly into a vein
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    Svar: B. Almost flat against the skin, bevel up, raising a small wheal

    Intradermal means between the layers of the skin, so the needle goes in at about 10 to 15 degrees with the bevel facing up, and a small raised wheal tells you it landed in the right layer. That shallow placement is the point for skin testing, because the reaction stays local and can be read later. Subcutaneous goes into the fat below the skin at about 45 degrees, and intramuscular goes in at 90 degrees into a muscle such as the deltoid or the ventrogluteal site. Which route a product takes is set by the order and the manufacturer's labeling, never by preference.

11. 11. Under HIPAA, which of the following count as protected health information when they are tied to a patient's care?

    Velg alle som passer.

    • A. The patient's full name on the day's appointment list
    • B. The patient's date of birth in the chart
    • C. The clinic's own street address on its public website
    • D. The patient's medical record number
    • E. A total count of flu shots the clinic gave last month, with no names attached
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    Svar: A. The patient's full name on the day's appointment list, B. The patient's date of birth in the chart, D. The patient's medical record number

    Protected health information is health information that can be linked back to an individual and that a covered entity holds or sends. Names, dates of birth, medical record numbers, addresses, phone numbers and email addresses all identify a person, so they become protected once they sit next to care information. The clinic's own address is not about a patient, and a total with no identifiers attached is not individually identifiable. The other rule to carry into the exam is minimum necessary: look at only what your job actually requires, and remember that a screen angled toward the waiting room discloses just as effectively as a conversation does.

12. 12. Whether a medical assistant may perform a particular clinical task, such as giving an injection, is decided by:

    • A. The organization that issued the certification
    • B. The medical assistant's own judgment about their skill
    • C. Federal law, which is the same everywhere in the United States
    • D. The law of the state where the medical assistant works, together with the delegating provider
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    Svar: D. The law of the state where the medical assistant works, together with the delegating provider

    Scope of practice for medical assistants is set state by state, not nationally. Some states spell out which tasks may be delegated and what supervision is required, and others say little and leave it to the delegating provider. A certification shows an organization tested you on the material, but it does not grant permission to perform a task. Before doing anything you have not been delegated, check your own state's rules and your employer's written policy.

13. 13. A clinic books three patients at the top of each hour and sees them in the order they arrive. This scheduling method is called:

    • A. Wave scheduling
    • B. Stream scheduling
    • C. Open access scheduling
    • D. Cluster scheduling
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    Svar: A. Wave scheduling

    Wave scheduling assumes the hour will even itself out, since some patients arrive late or not at all and some visits finish early. Modified wave staggers arrivals within the hour instead of stacking them all at the top. Stream scheduling gives every patient a slot of their own at a set time, which is the format most people picture. Open access holds slots back for same day requests, and cluster scheduling groups similar visits together, for example all physicals in one block, so the room and the equipment are already set up.

14. 14. In a SOAP note, the vital signs taken at the visit belong in which part?

    • A. Subjective
    • B. Objective
    • C. Assessment
    • D. Plan
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    Svar: B. Objective

    Subjective is what the patient tells you, such as a sore throat for three days. Objective is what can be measured or observed, so vital signs, exam findings, lab results and an EKG tracing all go there. Assessment is the provider's conclusion, and Plan is what happens next, including tests, referrals and follow up. The quick rule that works on exam day is simple: if you measured or observed it, it is objective, and if the patient reported it, it is subjective.

15. 15. Complete the sentence.

    A drug given to bring down a fever is classified as an _____, and a drug that relieves pain without putting the patient to sleep is an _____.

    Alternativer for luke 1: antihistamine, antipyretic, antitussive, anticoagulant

    Alternativer for luke 2: anesthetic, antiemetic, analgesic, antibiotic

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    Svar: antipyretic, analgesic

    Drug category names are built from the same word parts you already study, so they tell you what the drug does. Pyret/o is fever, alges/o is sensitivity to pain, tuss/o is cough and emet/o is vomiting, which makes antipyretic, analgesic, antitussive and antiemetic readable on sight. One drug can belong to more than one category. Learn the categories rather than long drug lists, because the category is what lets you guess correctly at an unfamiliar name. Selecting and ordering an actual drug is the provider's decision, not the assistant's.

Dette dekker en medical assistant-prøve faktisk

Det finnes ingen enkelt nasjonal prøve for medical assistants i USA. Flere organisasjoner sertifiserer dem, blant dem AAMA med CMA, American Medical Technologists med RMA, National Healthcareer Association med CCMA og NCCT med NCMA. Hver av dem skriver sin egen prøve, setter sine egne veier inn, og bestemmer hvor mange spørsmål du får og hvor lang tid du har. De tallene flytter seg, så den eneste pålitelige kilden er kandidathåndboka til prøven du faktisk meldte deg på.

Det innholdsoversiktene har til felles er stoffet, og det er derfor én smakebit kan være nyttig på tvers av dem alle. Nesten alle oversikter deler seg i tre. Generell kunnskap dekker medisinsk terminologi, grunnleggende anatomi, jus og etikk, kommunikasjon og yrkesetikk. Administrativ kunnskap dekker timebokssystemer, delene av en journal, grunnleggende forsikring og koding, og korrespondanse. Klinisk kunnskap dekker smittevern og aseptisk teknikk, vitale tegn, pasientleiring og forberedelse, assistanse ved undersøkelser og mindre inngrep, prøvetaking og prøvehåndtering, EKG-registrering, og legemiddelgrupper og administrasjonsveier.

Én ting ingen eksamensside kan avgjøre for deg er hva du har lov til å gjøre på jobb. Hva en medical assistant kan utføre settes delstat for delstat. Noen delstater lister opp hvilke kliniske oppgaver en behandler kan delegere og hvilket tilsyn som kreves, mens andre sier svært lite og overlater det til den som delegerer. Et sertifikat beviser at du ble testet i stoffet. Det gir deg ikke i seg selv lov til å utføre en oppgave, så reglene i din egen delstat og arbeidsgiverens retningslinjer går først.

Slik bruker du smakebiten

Disse 15 spørsmålene lener seg på resonnementet framfor merkelappen. De spør hvorfor en for liten mansjett skyver blodtrykksmålingen opp, hva en autoklav gjør som en desinfeksjonsserviett ikke kan, hvorfor det sterile feltet slutter å være sterilt i det øyeblikket du snur ryggen til, og hvilken del av et SOAP-notat et sett vitale tegn hører hjemme i. Det er kunnskapen som lar seg overføre, for et faktum du kan forklare overlever et omskrevet spørsmål.

Ta den i én økt uten notater, og les så forklaringen til hvert spørsmål, også de du fikk riktig. Å gjette riktig og å vite er to forskjellige ting. Behandle et galt svar som et tema framfor som et enkelt faktum. Bommer du på spørsmålet om leiring og spørsmålet om injeksjon, repeter anatomi og pasientforberedelse sammen, siden begge handler om å vite hvor ting er på kroppen.

En merknad om rammene. Denne siden er eksamensøving skrevet av StudyPDF-teamet. Den er ikke medisinsk veiledning, og ingenting her skal brukes til å ta en avgjørelse om en ekte pasient. Du vil merke at det ikke er noen doseringsspørsmål, for å velge og ordinere et legemiddel er behandlerens jobb, og å teste det her ville lært deg feil vane. Blodprøvetaking er heller ikke dekket. Smakebiten i blodprøvetaking lenket under eier trekkrekkefølgen og håndteringen av prøveglass, så ta den ved siden av denne hvis venepunksjon er en del av jobben din.

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StudyPDF jobber fra ditt materiale i stedet. Du laster opp læreboka i medisinsk assistanse, forelesningslysarkene, praksisheftet eller repetisjonsboka du kjøpte, så bygger Bo, studieagenten, fullengdes øvingsprøver fra akkurat de sidene. Hvert spørsmål er forankret i ditt materiale, og hver forklaring viser hvor svaret kommer fra, så du kan gå rett til kilden når noe ser rart ut. Du kan lage nye prøver så ofte du vil, snevre dem inn til ett område som smittevern eller forsikring og koding, og følge med på hvilke begreper du stadig bommer på.

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