MCAT CARS-øvelse

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• Øveprøve · 15 spørgsmål

  MCAT-øvespørgsmål

• Øveprøve · 15 spørgsmål

  USMLE Step 1-øvespørgsmål

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Alle 15 spørgsmål i overblik

Vil du hellere læse, før du går i gang? Alle spørgsmål i smagsprøven står herunder. Svar og forklaringer er foldet sammen, indtil du åbner dem.

1. 1. When a museum label reads acquired 1897, the date does a quiet kind of work. It fixes attention on the moment of transfer and away from everything that made the transfer possible: the gunboat in the harbor, the treaty signed under duress, the market that had already priced the object before it left the shrine. Curators who defend such labels say they record only what can be documented. But a record that documents the buyer and not the taking is not neutral. It is a decision about which part of the story deserves a date. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

   • A. Museums should return the objects they acquired during colonial rule.
   • B. Curators knowingly falsify the provenance records of objects in their collections.
   • C. An acquisition date presents a selective account of an object's history as though it were a neutral one.
   • D. Reliable documentation is impossible for objects taken before the twentieth century.
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   Svar: C. An acquisition date presents a selective account of an object's history as though it were a neutral one.

   This is a foundations of comprehension question, main idea. The last two sentences decide it: the record is not neutral, and the date is a choice about which part of the story counts. The return of objects is never mentioned, so that choice is out of scope. Knowing falsification is too extreme, since the author says the labels record what can be documented and objects to what gets left out, not to lying. The last choice states an impossibility the passage never claims.

2. 2. Every generation of critics announces that the last one asked the wrong questions, and every generation is partly right. The formalists were correct that a poem is made of words and not of the poet's biography. Their successors were correct that words do not sit still. What neither camp admits is how much of the quarrel is procedural, a matter of which evidence a critic is permitted to bring into the room. Read the manifestos side by side and the shared assumptions outnumber the disputed ones, though you would never guess that from the footnotes. The author's attitude toward these critical quarrels is best described as:

   • A. Sharply contemptuous of both camps
   • B. Neutral and purely descriptive
   • C. Admiring of the advances each generation made
   • D. Wry and unimpressed by the scale of the disagreement
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   Svar: D. Wry and unimpressed by the scale of the disagreement

   This is a foundations of comprehension question about tone. The closing clause, that you would never guess it from the footnotes, is dry rather than angry, and the author grants each camp a real point, so contempt is too extreme. Purely descriptive misses the evaluation running through the whole passage. Admiring is half right, since the author does credit both sides, but the point of the passage is that the fight is smaller than it looks.

3. 3. Complete the sentence.

   Oral historians once treated memory as a flawed substitute for the archive, valuable only where documents had gone missing. The newer view treats forgetting itself as evidence: what a community declines to repeat marks the shape of an injury as clearly as what it chooses to record. On this reading the interview is not a _____ source but a different kind of source, one that reports on the present at least as much as on the past.

   Muligheder for felt 1: primary, written, deficient, contemporary

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   Svar: deficient

   This is a foundations of comprehension question about the meaning of a word in context. The first sentence sets up the old view, memory as a flawed substitute, and the last sentence rejects it with a contrast between quality and kind: not worse, just different. Only deficient carries that judgment. Primary, written and contemporary are all classifications rather than criticisms, so none of them is the thing the newer view is refusing.

4. 4. Utilitarians hold that an act is right if it produces the greatest total well-being. Critics answer with the transplant case: a surgeon could save five patients by killing one healthy visitor, and the arithmetic approves. Almost nobody accepts that conclusion. Defenders reply that a world in which surgeons behave this way would soon have no patients willing to walk into a hospital, so the rule forbidding the killing maximizes well-being after all. The reply is clever. It also concedes the critics' real point, which is that the arithmetic alone was never doing the moral work. The second paragraph functions primarily to:

   • A. Introduce a fresh objection that the first paragraph had not raised
   • B. Supply historical background for the transplant case
   • C. Restate the first paragraph in more technical language
   • D. Present a defense of the theory and then turn that defense against it
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   Svar: D. Present a defense of the theory and then turn that defense against it

   This is a reasoning within the text question about the function of a paragraph. The paragraph gives the defenders their answer and then says it concedes the critics' point, so it does two jobs and the second one is the author's. No new objection appears, since the objection is still the transplant case from paragraph one. There is no history in the passage at all, and nothing is merely restated, because the paragraph moves the argument forward.

5. 5. The claim that printing caused the Reformation rests on a tidy sequence: presses spread, pamphlets multiplied, doctrine changed. Yet the presses were busiest in cities that were already arguing about the church, and the same technology in Spain produced almost no reformist literature at all. The correlation is real. The causal arrow is not obvious. A technology does not choose its own uses, and the historian who forgets that will find the printing press explaining whatever the century happened to do. The author's argument depends on which of the following assumptions? Select all that apply.

   Vælg alle, der passer.

   • A. A case in which the technology spread without producing the outcome is relevant to judging the causal claim.
   • B. A correlation between two developments is not by itself enough to show that one caused the other.
   • C. The printing press had no effect at all on religious change in Europe.
   • D. Conditions already present in a place can shape what a new technology gets used for.
   • E. Spanish printers were less technically skilled than their German counterparts.
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   Svar: A. A case in which the technology spread without producing the outcome is relevant to judging the causal claim., B. A correlation between two developments is not by itself enough to show that one caused the other., D. Conditions already present in a place can shape what a new technology gets used for.

   This is a reasoning within the text question about unstated assumptions. The Spain example only counts as evidence if a case without the outcome bears on the causal claim, and the whole passage turns on correlation not settling causation. The point that presses were busiest where the argument was already under way assumes local conditions steer use. The no effect at all choice is too extreme, since the author says the arrow is not obvious rather than absent, and skill in Spain is a detail the passage never raises.

6. 6. Defenders of the standard concert program argue that audiences want the familiar, and they point to the box office: halls fill for Beethoven and empty for almost anything written after 1950. The figure is accurate. It is also a poor test of the claim, because the programming decides in advance which unfamiliar works get a hearing at all, and then books them late in the season, in smaller rooms, without the marketing the warhorses receive. A preference measured only under the conditions that produce it explains very little. The author's main objection to the box office evidence is that:

   • A. The conditions under which the preference is measured are set by the very practice the evidence is meant to justify.
   • B. The ticket figures the defenders cite are not accurate.
   • C. Audiences in fact prefer new music to the older repertoire.
   • D. Concert halls built after 1950 are too small to hold large audiences.
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   Svar: A. The conditions under which the preference is measured are set by the very practice the evidence is meant to justify.

   This is a reasoning within the text question about the strength of support. The decisive sentence is the last one: the measurement is contaminated by the practice it is supposed to defend. The accuracy choice is directly contradicted, since the author concedes the figure is accurate. The claim that audiences prefer new music is stronger than anything the author says, and the small rooms detail is about scheduling of new works, not about when the halls were built.

7. 7. Translators speak of a text's grain, the resistance it offers to being carried across. A sentence with little grain slides into the new language and leaves no mark, and the reader forgets there was ever another version. High grain does the opposite. Idioms sit awkwardly, rhythms refuse to line up, and the translator has to decide whether to sand the surface smooth or to leave the roughness visible as a sign that the reader is a guest in someone else's house. In the passage, to sand the surface smooth most nearly means to:

   • A. Shorten the text so that it reads more quickly
   • B. Choose a more literal, word for word rendering
   • C. Make the translation read as though it had been written in the new language
   • D. Correct factual errors that appear in the original
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   Svar: C. Make the translation read as though it had been written in the new language

   This is a foundations of comprehension question about the meaning of a phrase in context. The alternative given in the same sentence, leaving the roughness visible so the reader feels foreign, fixes the meaning of the other option by contrast. Word for word is the opposite move, since literalism is what makes idioms sit awkwardly. Shortening and correcting errors are both true things translators sometimes do, but neither is what this sentence sets against visible roughness.

8. 8. Complete the sentence.

   Ethnographers who spend years in one village often report a discovery that embarrasses their training: the informants have theories too. They explain their own kinship rules, and the explanations are neither naive nor identical to the anthropologist's. Treating those accounts as raw data to be interpreted, rather than as _____ to be argued with, quietly reserves the work of thinking for the visitor. The fieldworker's authority then rests less on evidence than on _____.

   Muligheder for felt 1: claims, rituals, errors, artifacts

   Muligheder for felt 2: fluency, position, patience

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   Svar: claims, position

   This is a reasoning within the text question, since both blanks turn on how the author's argument is built. The contrast is between raw data, which you interpret, and something you can disagree with, and only claims can be argued with. The second blank follows from reserving the thinking for the visitor: if the informants' theories are ruled out in advance, what is left holding up the authority is who the fieldworker is rather than what the evidence shows.

9. 9. Cities preserve buildings for two different reasons that are often confused. One is aesthetic: the facade is worth looking at, and losing it would make the street poorer. The other is evidentiary: the building is the only surviving record of how a group of people lived, and no drawing or photograph replaces standing inside it. The second reason can protect an ugly building. It can also fail to protect a beautiful one, if a dozen near identical examples survive elsewhere in better condition. Based on the author's second reason, preservation would be most strongly justified for which of the following?

   • A. A handsome nineteenth century bank facade of a type found in many cities
   • B. A modern office tower that architects admire and photographers visit often
   • C. A ruined chapel already recorded in a complete set of measured drawings
   • D. A plain, poorly built shed that is the last standing example of a migrant labor camp
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   Svar: D. A plain, poorly built shed that is the last standing example of a migrant labor camp

   This is a reasoning beyond the text question, applying the author's distinction to new cases. The evidentiary reason turns on being the only surviving record, which the shed is and the common bank facade is not. The office tower is defended by the aesthetic reason, which the question does not ask about. The chapel is the case the author explicitly weakens, since full documentation is what the evidentiary reason cares about.

10. 10. The great man account of scientific change survives because it is easy to narrate. A single mind sees what everyone else missed, and the textbook gets a chapter title. Against it stands the pattern of simultaneous discovery: calculus, natural selection, the telephone, each arriving from more than one direction within a few years. If the problem, the instruments and the shared literature were ripe, the argument runs, some competent person was going to solve it, and the name attached is an accident of the calendar. Which finding, if true, would most weaken the argument made against the great man account?

    • A. Several celebrated cases of simultaneous discovery turn out to be separated by more than a decade and to differ substantially in content.
    • B. Many important discoveries were made by research teams rather than by individuals.
    • C. Textbooks devote more space to the biography of scientists than to their methods.
    • D. Scientific instruments improved unusually quickly during the nineteenth century.
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    Svar: A. Several celebrated cases of simultaneous discovery turn out to be separated by more than a decade and to differ substantially in content.

    This is a reasoning beyond the text question of the weaken type. The case against the great man account rests entirely on simultaneous discovery, so removing the simultaneity removes the evidence. Teams instead of individuals cuts against the lone genius, so it strengthens the same side. The textbook choice is about how history gets written, not about how discovery happens, and faster instruments support the ripeness claim the author is defending.

11. 11. Museums report record attendance and conclude that public interest in art is rising. Attendance counts admissions, though, and not interest. A traveling blockbuster, a free evening, a cruise ship in the harbor and a good lobby cafe all raise the number without anyone looking at a painting a moment longer. If the claim is about interest, the evidence has to survive the removal of every reason to walk into a museum that is not the art. By the standard the author sets, which findings would strengthen the museums' conclusion? Select all that apply.

    Vælg alle, der passer.

    • A. Attendance rose in years with no blockbuster exhibition and no change in admission pricing.
    • B. The average time visitors spent in front of individual works rose along with attendance.
    • C. Museum cafes and gift shops reported higher revenue per visitor.
    • D. Admissions grew fastest in the cities that had opened new cruise terminals.
    • E. Membership renewals by residents of the museums' own cities rose over the same period.
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    Svar: A. Attendance rose in years with no blockbuster exhibition and no change in admission pricing., B. The average time visitors spent in front of individual works rose along with attendance., E. Membership renewals by residents of the museums' own cities rose over the same period.

    This is a reasoning beyond the text question about new evidence. The author's test is whether the rise survives once the non-art reasons are stripped out, so growth without a blockbuster or a price change, longer looking, and repeat commitment from locals all pass it. Higher spending in the cafe is the author's own example of a confounding attraction, and growth concentrated near cruise terminals is the tourism explanation rather than the interest one.

12. 12. Historians of the plague once wrote as though the mortality figures spoke for themselves. A third of a population dies, labor grows scarce, wages rise, serfdom weakens. The chain looks mechanical. But wages rose in England and did not rise across much of eastern Europe, where landlords met the same shortage by binding peasants more tightly to the land. Demography set the problem. It did not write the answer. What decided the outcome was who already held the power to respond, and that varied by region. The two short sentences, demography set the problem and it did not write the answer, serve mainly to:

    • A. Concede that the mortality figures are unreliable
    • B. State the general principle that the eastern European contrast is offered to support
    • C. Introduce a new topic that the passage then abandons
    • D. Summarize the mechanical chain described in the opening sentences
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    Svar: B. State the general principle that the eastern European contrast is offered to support

    This is a reasoning within the text question about the function of a sentence. The England and eastern Europe contrast is the evidence, and these two sentences are the lesson drawn from it, which the final sentence then spells out. The author never questions the figures themselves, only what follows from them. Nothing is abandoned, and the sentences reject the mechanical chain rather than summarizing it.

13. 13. Complete the sentence.

    Critics of the term folk art point out that it names a position rather than a style. The objects it gathers have almost nothing in common with one another, and everything in common in how they arrived at the museum: made outside the academies, collected by outsiders, exhibited without the maker's own account of the work. The category is therefore best read as a record of _____ rather than as a description of what the objects are.

    Muligheder for felt 1: technique, geography, reception, chronology

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    Svar: reception

    This is a reasoning within the text question, since the blank has to match the argument the paragraph just made. Every shared feature the author lists is about how the objects were found, collected and displayed, which is reception rather than anything in the objects. Technique is ruled out by the sentence saying the objects have nothing in common with one another, and neither geography nor chronology appears in the list at all.

14. 14. Public apologies for historical wrongs are often dismissed as cheap, on the grounds that the speaker risks nothing and the dead gain nothing. The objection assumes that the audience is the dead. It is not. An apology issued by a state is a statement about what that state will now count as a wrong, made in front of the people who have to live under its judgments. Whether it is cheap depends on what it commits the speaker to afterward, and that is a question about the future rather than the past. The author's primary purpose is to:

    • A. Show that state apologies reliably lead to concrete reparations
    • B. Argue that historical wrongs cannot fairly be judged by present standards
    • C. Reject a common objection by showing that it misidentifies who is being addressed
    • D. Describe the wording that official apologies typically use
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    Svar: C. Reject a common objection by showing that it misidentifies who is being addressed

    This is a foundations of comprehension question about the author's purpose. The structure gives it away: an objection is stated, then the assumption inside it is named and denied, then the real audience is identified. Reliably leading to reparations is far stronger than the passage, which says only that the answer depends on later commitments. Judging the past by present standards is a different debate, and no actual wording is described.

15. 15. A canon is not a list of the best books. It is a list of the books a culture has agreed to keep arguing about. That is why a work can enter the canon by being attacked, and why a novel everyone admires and nobody rereads slips quietly out of it. The test is not praise. The test is continued use: does anyone still have to answer this book in order to say what they think? By the author's test, which of the following would count as evidence that a work belongs to the canon? Select all that apply.

    Vælg alle, der passer.

    • A. Scholars publish sustained refutations of the book decades after it first appeared.
    • B. The book won the most prestigious literary prize of its year.
    • C. New writers structure their own books as replies to it.
    • D. The book outsold every other novel of its decade.
    • E. Critics who dislike the book still assign it so that they can argue with it.
    Vis svar og forklaring

    Svar: A. Scholars publish sustained refutations of the book decades after it first appeared., C. New writers structure their own books as replies to it., E. Critics who dislike the book still assign it so that they can argue with it.

    This is a reasoning beyond the text question, applying a stated criterion to new cases. The author's test is continued use, and refutation, imitation in the form of reply, and hostile teaching are all cases of people having to answer the book. A prize and high sales are both forms of praise or popularity at a single moment, and the passage separates those from the test on purpose, since a book everyone admires can still drop out.

Hvad MCAT CARS-delen faktisk spørger dig om

CARS er den del af MCAT, der slet ikke tester naturvidenskab. Du får 9 tekster og 53 spørgsmål på 90 minutter, hvilket giver cirka ti minutter per tekst inklusive spørgsmålene. Teksterne fylder flere hundrede ord hver og er hentet fra humaniora og samfundsvidenskab: filosofi, etik, historie, litteraturkritik, kulturstudier, kunsthistorie og musik. Alt, hvad der skal til for at svare, ligger inde i teksten. Virker et spørgsmål, som om det kræver et faktum fra et af dine fag, er det et tegn på, at du har importeret noget, teksten aldrig sagde. Ligesom de andre dele bedømmes CARS fra 118 til 132, og de fire delscorer lægger sig sammen til en total mellem 472 og 528. Formatdetaljer bliver opdateret, så behandl AAMC's egen offentliggjorte oversigt som autoriteten, og tjek den, før du stoler på et tal på en øveside, også denne.

AAMC inddeler CARS-spørgsmål i tre kategorier, og det ændrer måden, du svarer på, at vide hvilken du sidder med. Foundations of comprehension, cirka 30 procent af delen, spørger, hvad teksten siger: hovedpointen, betydningen af en vending i sammenhængen, forfatterens tone. Reasoning within the text, cirka yderligere 30 procent, spørger, hvordan teksten er bygget: hvad et afsnit laver der, hvad forfatteren gik ud fra uden at sige det, om den støtte der tilbydes er stærk nok til at bære påstanden. Reasoning beyond the text, cirka 40 procent, er den største gruppe og den, folk undervurderer. Den giver dig noget, teksten aldrig nævnte, en ny sag, et nyt stykke evidens, et helt andet fagområde, og beder dig om at overføre forfatterens argument til det eller sige, hvad der ville svække det.

To ting ved CARS overrasker folk. Den første er, at bred læsning hjælper mindre end forventet, og at stærke holdninger slet ikke hjælper. Kendt stof frister dig til at svare fra hukommelsen, og en tekst, der argumenterer for noget, du synes er forkert, frister dig til at svare ud fra uenighed. Begge dele koster point. Den anden er, at de forkerte svar ikke er tilfældige. De fleste af dem ligger tæt på: for skarpe i forhold til det, forfatteren faktisk sagde, sande om verden men aldrig hævdet i teksten, rigtige om halvdelen af sætningen, eller en korrekt påstand, der besvarer et spørgsmål, ingen stillede. At lære de fire former er mere værd end at lære noget som helst stof, for de kommer igen i hver eneste tekst.

Sådan bruger du smagsprøven

Denne smagsprøve giver dig 15 spørgsmål fordelt på 15 korte tekstuddrag, så den bytter den rigtige dels udholdenhed over lange tekster ud med dækning af spørgsmålstyperne. Hvert uddrag fylder 70 til 110 ord og er skrevet af StudyPDF-teamet i det toneleje, CARS bruger. De er ikke rigtige MCAT-tekster og ikke AAMC-spørgsmål. Blandingen følger de rigtige kategorier: nogle spørgsmål spørger, hvad teksten siger, nogle spørger, hvordan argumentet er bygget, nogle giver dig en ny sag eller et nyt fund og beder dig ræsonnere med det. Tre spørgsmål er udfyld det tomme felt, hvor det manglende ord er det, der bærer forfatterens holdning, og det er en god måde at træne blikket for forbehold, nuanceringer og forskellen på en stærk påstand og en afmålt.

Tag den i ét stræk, uden noter og uden at genlæse i det uendelige. Læs så hver eneste forklaring, også dem til spørgsmål du svarede rigtigt på, for et rigtigt svar nået ad den forkerte vej gentager sig ikke. Hver forklaring peger på den sætning, der afgør spørgsmålet, og siger, hvorfor de andre muligheder falder. Hold øje med formen på dine fejl frem for antallet. At misse to for skarpe svar er et andet problem end at misse to svar uden for tekstens rækkevidde, og løsningerne er forskellige. Det første betyder, at du runder forfatteren op og læser en forsigtig påstand som en dristig. Det andet betyder, at du svarer ud fra din egen viden i stedet for ud fra siden foran dig.

Ud over en smagsprøve bliver folk bedre til CARS gennem mængde plus gennemgang, og gennemgangen er den del, der gør arbejdet. Tag en tekst, og skriv så, før du tjekker noget som helst, én sætning om, hvad forfatterens pointe var, og én om, hvad forfatteren argumenterede imod. Kan du ikke skrive de to sætninger, var fejlene læsefejl, ikke spørgsmålsfejl. Læs svær faglitteratur om emner, du er ligeglad med, for det er den nærmeste daglige erstatning for en CARS-tekst. Til sidst træner du hele dele på tid, for delen er delvis en udholdenhedsprøve, og ni tekster i træk føles overhovedet ikke som ni tekster spredt over en uge.

Sådan bygger StudyPDF CARS-træning ud fra dit eget materiale

Femten spørgsmål kan vise dig, hvilke læsevaner der mangler. De kan ikke opbygge den udholdenhed, den rigtige del kræver, og intet fast sæt spørgsmål bliver ved med at virke, når du først har set svarene. CARS er den del, hvor forsyningen af friske tekster betyder mest, for at genlæse en tekst, du allerede kender svaret på, lærer dig næsten ingenting.

StudyPDF arbejder ud fra det materiale, du kommer med. Upload din MCAT-repetitionsbog, en CARS-øvebog, dine egne pensumtekster eller en hvilken som helst tung artikel, du vil træne på, og Bo, studieagenten, bygger øvespørgsmål ud fra præcis de sider. Hver forklaring henviser til, hvor svaret kommer fra, så du kan gå direkte tilbage til kilden, når en svarmulighed ser diskutabel ud. Du kan lave nye sæt så tit du vil og rette dem mod én færdighed, for eksempel uudtalte antagelser eller spørgsmål om hvad der svækker argumentet, så du træner netop den kategori, du bliver ved med at tabe point på.

Du behøver slet ikke et dokument. Har du ikke noget at uploade, så nævn et emne i stedet, for eksempel argumenter om erindringens etik eller rejselitteratur fra 1800-tallet, så skriver Bo både teksten og spørgsmålene ud fra det. Gratis at komme i gang. Alt på denne side er eksamenstræning skrevet af StudyPDF-teamet ud fra de offentliggjorte CARS-spørgsmålskategorier. Det er ikke medicinsk vejledning, det er ikke rigtigt eksamensmateriale, og StudyPDF er ikke tilknyttet AAMC eller nogen anden testudbyder.