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Alle 15 spørgsmål i overblik

Vil du hellere læse, før du går i gang? Alle spørgsmål i smagsprøven står herunder. Svar og forklaringer er foldet sammen, indtil du åbner dem.

1. 1. A 12 volt circuit feeds a single load that measures 3 ohms. How much current flows through the circuit?

   • A. 0.25 amps
   • B. 3 amps
   • C. 4 amps
   • D. 36 amps
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   Svar: C. 4 amps

   Ohm's law says current equals voltage divided by resistance, so 12 divided by 3 is 4 amps. Multiplying instead of dividing gives 36, and dividing the wrong way around gives 0.25, which are the two mistakes worth catching. Knowing the expected current also tells you whether a fuse rating and a wire size make sense for the circuit you are looking at.

2. 2. Both front tires show a feathered, sawtooth edge across the tread. Which alignment angle is the most likely cause?

   • A. Toe
   • B. Camber
   • C. Caster
   • D. Steering axis inclination
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   Svar: A. Toe

   Toe is the difference between the front and rear of the tires as seen from above. When it is off, the tire is dragged sideways a little with every revolution, and that scrubbing carves one side of each tread block down into a feathered edge. Camber wears one shoulder of the tire smoothly instead. Caster and steering axis inclination affect steering effort, straight line stability and return to center rather than tread wear.

3. 3. Complete the sentence.

   In the diagnostic trouble code P0301, the letter _____ tells you the code belongs to the powertrain, and the last two digits tell you _____.

   Muligheder for felt 1: B, C, P, U

   Muligheder for felt 2: which cylinder is misfiring, how many drive cycles have passed, how long the code has been stored, which scan tool read the code

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   Svar: P, which cylinder is misfiring

   The first character sorts the code by system: B for body, C for chassis, P for powertrain and U for network communication. The digit right after it says whether the definition is generic or manufacturer specific, and the last two digits identify the specific fault. In the misfire family that number is the cylinder, so P0301 is a cylinder 1 misfire and P0300 is a random or multiple cylinder misfire with no single cylinder singled out.

4. 4. In an automotive air conditioning system, which component absorbs heat from the air going into the passenger compartment?

   • A. The condenser
   • B. The evaporator
   • C. The receiver drier
   • D. The compressor
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   Svar: B. The evaporator

   Refrigerant enters the evaporator as a cold low pressure liquid and boils into a vapor. Changing state takes a lot of heat, and that heat comes out of the air blowing across the evaporator fins, which is what cools the cabin. The condenser at the front of the vehicle does the opposite job and dumps that heat to outside air, the compressor raises pressure and moves the refrigerant, and the receiver drier stores refrigerant and traps moisture.

5. 5. What does a torque converter do that a simple fluid coupling cannot?

   • A. It shifts the transmission between gear ranges
   • B. It holds the vehicle stationary on a hill with no brake applied
   • C. It filters and cools the transmission fluid
   • D. It multiplies engine torque when the turbine is turning much slower than the impeller
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   Svar: D. It multiplies engine torque when the turbine is turning much slower than the impeller

   A plain fluid coupling only passes torque along. A torque converter adds a stator between the turbine and the impeller, and the stator redirects fluid coming off the turbine so it hits the impeller in a helpful direction. That extra push multiplies torque, and the effect is largest at stall, when the turbine is barely moving. As turbine speed catches up to impeller speed the multiplication fades toward one to one, and a lockup clutch then ties the two together mechanically to remove the last of the slip.

6. 6. How is a voltage drop test on a starter cable performed?

   • A. With the cable disconnected at both ends and an ohmmeter reading end to end
   • B. With the circuit operating and the meter connected across the cable, in parallel with it
   • C. With the meter wired in series with the cable while the engine cranks
   • D. With the battery disconnected and the meter set to the continuity position
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   Svar: B. With the circuit operating and the meter connected across the cable, in parallel with it

   Voltage drop measures resistance where it matters, under real load. You leave the cable connected, crank the engine so current is flowing, and put the meter leads on the two ends of the cable. A low reading means the cable is passing current freely and a high reading means something in that path is fighting it. An ohmmeter cannot substitute, because it pushes only a tiny test current and a corroded connection that reads near zero ohms can still drop several volts at two hundred amps.

7. 7. A vehicle with a manual transmission gains engine rpm when accelerating in high gear, but road speed barely changes. What is the most likely cause?

   • A. A slipping clutch disc
   • B. A clutch that is dragging and will not fully release
   • C. A worn synchronizer in fourth gear
   • D. A bent shift fork
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   Svar: A. A slipping clutch disc

   Slipping and dragging are opposite faults and they give opposite symptoms. Slipping means the disc cannot hold the torque being asked of it, so engine speed runs away from road speed, and it shows up first in the highest gear and under load because that is where torque demand at the disc is greatest. Dragging means the disc does not fully let go when the pedal is down, and that shows up as grinding going into gear or as the vehicle creeping in gear at a stop.

8. 8. A vehicle has a stored P0300 random misfire code. Which of the following are plausible causes worth checking?

   Vælg alle, der passer.

   • A. A large vacuum leak downstream of the mass airflow sensor
   • B. A clogged cabin air filter
   • C. Worn spark plugs across several cylinders
   • D. Low fuel pressure from a weak fuel pump
   • E. A burned out license plate lamp
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   Svar: A. A large vacuum leak downstream of the mass airflow sensor, C. Worn spark plugs across several cylinders, D. Low fuel pressure from a weak fuel pump

   A random misfire points at something shared by all the cylinders rather than at one cylinder's parts. Unmetered air, tired plugs and low fuel pressure all lean out or weaken combustion everywhere at once, so all three belong on the check list. A cabin air filter only affects airflow to the passenger compartment and a lamp is a separate lighting circuit, so neither touches combustion. If the code had named one cylinder instead, the search would narrow to that cylinder's ignition, injector and compression.

9. 9. Which of the following are wheel alignment angles measured on an alignment rack?

   Vælg alle, der passer.

   • A. Ring and pinion backlash
   • B. Camber
   • C. Wheel bearing preload
   • D. Caster
   • E. Toe
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   Svar: B. Camber, D. Caster, E. Toe

   Camber, caster and toe are the three primary alignment angles. Camber is the inward or outward tilt of the wheel seen from the front, caster is the forward or rearward tilt of the steering axis seen from the side, and toe is how much the wheels point in or out seen from above. Backlash and bearing preload are drivetrain and hub measurements. Of the three angles, toe is the one that destroys tires fastest, so it is checked and set last after camber and caster are correct.

10. 10. Coming down a long grade a driver uses the brakes continuously. The pedal still feels firm, but the vehicle slows far less than normal. What is happening?

    • A. The pedal linkage has stretched
    • B. The tires have lost air pressure
    • C. The parking brake has released itself
    • D. The friction material has overheated and lost friction
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    Svar: D. The friction material has overheated and lost friction

    A brake system works by turning the vehicle's motion into heat at the friction surfaces. Held on for long enough, those surfaces get hotter than the material was designed for and its coefficient of friction falls, so the same pedal effort produces less stopping. That is brake fade, and the pedal staying firm is the clue that it is a friction and heat problem rather than something in the hydraulic side. The fix on the road is to select a lower gear so the engine does most of the slowing and the brakes get a chance to cool.

11. 11. Complete the sentence.

    The three members of a simple planetary gearset are the sun gear, the ring gear and the _____, which holds the _____.

    Muligheder for felt 1: carrier, synchronizer, stator, valve body

    Muligheder for felt 2: clutch discs, band anchors, pinion gears, thrust washers

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    Svar: carrier, pinion gears

    A planetary gearset gives several ratios from one set of gears because you can choose which member is driven, which is held still and which drives the output. Hold the ring gear and drive the sun gear and the carrier turns slowly, which is a reduction. Drive the carrier and take output from the ring gear and you get overdrive. Lock any two members together and the whole set turns as a unit, which is direct drive. The clutches and bands in the transmission are what make those choices.

12. 12. Which statements about a series circuit are correct?

    Vælg alle, der passer.

    • A. Each branch sees the full source voltage
    • B. The current is the same at every point in the circuit
    • C. Total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances
    • D. The individual voltage drops add up to source voltage
    • E. If one component opens, the rest keep working
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    Svar: B. The current is the same at every point in the circuit, C. Total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances, D. The individual voltage drops add up to source voltage

    A series circuit gives current only one path, so the same current passes through every component, resistances add, and the voltage drops across them add back up to source voltage. Because there is one path, an open anywhere stops the whole circuit. The other two statements describe a parallel circuit, where each branch gets full voltage and the remaining branches keep working when one opens. Unwanted resistance in a series path is exactly what a voltage drop test finds.

13. 13. Complete the sentence.

    A worn clutch release bearing usually makes noise while the _____, and a worn _____ bearing makes noise with the pedal fully down, the transmission in gear and the vehicle stopped.

    Muligheder for felt 1: clutch pedal is being pressed, vehicle coasts with the pedal up, engine idles in neutral with the pedal up, key is off

    Muligheder for felt 2: wheel, pilot, camshaft, output shaft

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    Svar: clutch pedal is being pressed, pilot

    Both noises are diagnosed by when they appear. The release bearing only gets loaded and spun against the pressure plate fingers when the pedal moves it forward, so it complains while the pedal is down and goes quiet when you lift your foot. The pilot bearing sits between the crankshaft and the input shaft and only turns when those two spin at different speeds, which is exactly the condition you create by holding the pedal down in gear at a standstill. Noticing which pedal position brings the noise saves pulling a transmission to find out.

14. 14. What is the job of the oxygen sensor mounted after the catalytic converter?

    • A. To set the base fuel injection amount
    • B. To measure exhaust backpressure
    • C. To monitor how well the converter is working
    • D. To switch the fuel pump relay on and off
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    Svar: C. To monitor how well the converter is working

    The upstream sensor swings rich and lean constantly and the engine computer uses those swings to trim fuel in closed loop. The downstream sensor should look much calmer, because a healthy converter stores and releases oxygen and smooths the changes out. When the downstream signal starts to mirror the upstream one, the computer decides the converter is no longer doing its job and sets an efficiency code. Note that misfires and a rich condition can kill a converter, so a converter code is often a symptom of something else rather than the whole story.

15. 15. In a four stroke engine, which is the correct order of the strokes?

    • A. Compression, intake, power, exhaust
    • B. Intake, compression, power, exhaust
    • C. Intake, power, compression, exhaust
    • D. Exhaust, intake, power, compression
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    Svar: B. Intake, compression, power, exhaust

    Intake draws the air and fuel charge in, compression squeezes it with both valves closed, the power stroke is the only one that drives the crankshaft, and exhaust pushes the burned gases out. The whole cycle takes two crankshaft revolutions, and since each valve opens once per cycle the camshaft turns at half crankshaft speed. That two to one relationship is why cam timing has to be set with the crank at a known position.

Sådan er ASE-prøverne for personbiler skruet sammen

ASE står for National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence, en uafhængig nonprofitorganisation, der certificerer mekanikere. Der findes ingen enkelt ASE-prøve. Linjen for personbiler er A-serien, og hvert område er sin egen separate prøve, som du tilmelder dig og går op til for sig: A1 motorreparation, A2 automatgearkasse og transaxle, A3 manuelt drivværk og aksler, A4 undervogn og styretøj, A5 bremser, A6 el- og elektroniksystemer, A7 varme og aircondition, og A8 motorydelse. Består du alle otte, har du status som Master Automobile Technician.

Over A-serien ligger L1, prøven som Advanced Engine Performance Specialist. L1 er ikke et niende grundområde. Den går ud fra, at du allerede kan stoffet fra A8, og beder dig så arbejde dig gennem avanceret diagnostik af køreegenskaber og emissioner, blandt andet med et sammensat referencekøretøj, som prøven giver dig, så alle ræsonnerer ud fra det samme system frem for ud fra ét mærke, de tilfældigvis kender.

To ting mere former forløbet. Certificering kræver også praktisk erhvervserfaring, som regel to år, og relevant uddannelse eller skolegang kan erstatte en del af den, så du kan bestå en prøve, før beviset udstedes, og det udstedes, når erfaringen er registreret. Og certificeringen varer ikke evigt. Den udløber, og du går op igen for at holde den gyldig. Antallet af spørgsmål, tidsgrænsen, det aktuelle gebyr, beståelsesgrænsen og de præcise regler for erfaring og recertificering kommer alle sammen fra ASE, så tjek deres side eller dit tilmeldingsmateriale frem for en hvilken som helst tredjepartsside, inklusive denne.

Sådan bruger du smagsprøven

De her 15 spørgsmål er spredt ud over A-serien frem for samlet i ét område, for denne side er startpunktet. Brug dine fejl til at vælge, hvilken enkelt prøve du skal gå efter først. Gik el-spørgsmålene skidt, mens gearkassespørgsmålene gik fint, så fortæller det dig, hvor den næste måneds læsning hører hjemme. To søstersmagsprøver, der er linket herunder, går i dybden med hvert sit område, A1 motorreparation og A5 bremser, så tag dem, når du ved, hvor du står.

De rigtige prøver lægger vægt på diagnostik frem for udenadslære. De beskriver et symptom, giver dig en måling eller en kundeklage og spørger, hvad det peger på, eller hvad du skal tjekke som det næste. Mange opgaver bruger også formatet, hvor Technician A siger én ting, Technician B siger noget andet, og du afgør, om den ene, begge eller ingen af dem har ret. Det format straffer skimmelæsning, for begge udsagn kan være sande hver for sig, mens kun det ene svarer på det, der bliver spurgt om. Spørgsmålene her er skrevet ligefremt, så du kan koncentrere dig om indholdet, men træn formuleringen med Technician A og B inden prøvedagen, så den ikke sinker dig.

Tag smagsprøven i ét stræk uden noter, og læs derefter forklaringen til hvert spørgsmål, også dem du svarede rigtigt på. Behandl et forkert svar som et emne og ikke som et faktum. At gætte rigtigt og at forstå er ikke det samme, og prøverne er lange nok til, at heldige gæt jævner sig ud.

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Femten spørgsmål kan vise dig, hvor du vakler. De kan ikke gøre dig klar alene, og en generisk spørgsmålsbank matcher sjældent vægtningen i den studievejledning eller det kursus, du faktisk arbejder dig igennem.

StudyPDF arbejder ud fra dit eget materiale i stedet. Du uploader din ASE-studievejledning, dine kursusmaterialer fra værkstedet eller den serviceinformation, du har læst, så bygger Bo, studieagenten, fuldlange øveprøver ud fra præcis de sider. Hvert spørgsmål bygger på dit materiale, og hver forklaring henviser til, hvor svaret kom fra, så du kan gå direkte til kilden, når noget ser forkert ud. Du kan lave nye prøver så tit du vil, snævre dem ind til ét område som A6 el eller A8 motorydelse, og følge med i hvilke begreber du bliver ved med at ramme forkert.

Du behøver ikke uploade noget for at komme i gang. Har du ingen fil ved hånden, så nævn et emne i stedet, for eksempel måling af hvilestrømsforbrug eller momentomformerens funktion, så skriver Bo en øveprøve ud fra det. Gratis at komme i gang.